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Guides Access control CORS Authentication Browser detection using the user agent Caching Caching FAQ Compression Conditional requests Connection management in HTTP 1.x Content negotiation Content negotiation: List of default Accept values Cookies CSP Messages Overview Protocol upgrade mechanism Proxy servers and tunneling Proxy servers and tunneling: Proxy Auto-Configuration (PAC) file Public Key Pinning Range requests Redirections Resources and specifications Resources and URIs Response codes Server-Side Access Control Session Guides: Basics Basics of HTTP Choosing between www and non-www URLs Data URIs Evolution of HTTP Identifying resources on the Web MIME Types MIME types: Complete list of MIME types CSP Content-Security-Policy Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only CSP: base-uri CSP: block-all-mixed-content CSP: child-src CSP: connect-src CSP: default-src CSP: font-src CSP: form-action CSP: frame-ancestors CSP: frame-src CSP: img-src CSP: manifest-src CSP: media-src CSP: object-src CSP: plugin-types CSP: referrer CSP: report-uri CSP: require-sri-for CSP: sandbox CSP: script-src CSP: style-src CSP: upgrade-insecure-requests CSP: worker-src Headers Accept Accept-Charset Accept-Encoding Accept-Language Accept-Ranges Access-Control-Allow-Credentials Access-Control-Allow-Headers Access-Control-Allow-Methods Access-Control-Allow-Origin Access-Control-Expose-Headers Access-Control-Max-Age Access-Control-Request-Headers Access-Control-Request-Method Age Allow Authorization Cache-Control Connection Content-Disposition Content-Encoding Content-Language Content-Length Content-Location Content-Range Content-Type Cookie Cookie2 Date DNT ETag Expect Expires Forwarded From Headers Host If-Match If-Modified-Since If-None-Match If-Range If-Unmodified-Since Keep-Alive Large-Allocation Last-Modified Location Origin Pragma Proxy-Authenticate Proxy-Authorization Public-Key-Pins Public-Key-Pins-Report-Only Range Referer Referrer-Policy Retry-After Server Set-Cookie Set-Cookie2 SourceMap Strict-Transport-Security TE Tk Trailer Transfer-Encoding Upgrade-Insecure-Requests User-Agent User-Agent: Firefox Vary Via Warning WWW-Authenticate X-Content-Type-Options X-DNS-Prefetch-Control X-Forwarded-For X-Forwarded-Host X-Forwarded-Proto X-Frame-Options X-XSS-Protection Methods CONNECT DELETE GET HEAD Methods OPTIONS PATCH POST PUT Status 100 Continue 101 Switching Protocols 200 OK 201 Created 202 Accepted 203 Non-Authoritative Information 204 No Content 205 Reset Content 206 Partial Content 300 Multiple Choices 301 Moved Permanently 302 Found 303 See Other 304 Not Modified 307 Temporary Redirect 308 Permanent Redirect 400 Bad Request 401 Unauthorized 403 Forbidden 404 Not Found 405 Method Not Allowed 406 Not Acceptable 407 Proxy Authentication Required 408 Request Timeout 409 Conflict 410 Gone 411 Length Required 412 Precondition Failed 413 Payload Too Large 414 URI Too Long 415 Unsupported Media Type 416 Range Not Satisfiable 417 Expectation Failed 426 Upgrade Required 428 Precondition Required 429 Too Many Requests 431 Request Header Fields Too Large 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons 500 Internal Server Error 501 Not Implemented 502 Bad Gateway 503 Service Unavailable 504 Gateway Timeout 505 HTTP Version Not Supported 511 Network Authentication Required Status
characters

Content-Encoding實(shí)體頭用于壓縮媒體類型。如果存在,它的值表示哪些編碼應(yīng)用于實(shí)體主體。它讓客戶知道,如何解碼以獲取Content-Type標(biāo)題引用的媒體類型。

建議盡可能壓縮數(shù)據(jù)并因此使用此字段,但某些類型的資源(如 jpeg 圖像)已被壓縮。有時(shí)使用額外的壓縮不會(huì)減少有效載荷的大小,甚至可能使有效載荷更長(zhǎng)。

Header type

Entity header

Forbidden header name

no

語法

Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Encoding: compress
Content-Encoding: deflate
Content-Encoding: identity
Content-Encoding: br// Multiple, in the order in which they were appliedContent-Encoding: gzip, identity
Content-Encoding: deflate, gzip

指令

gzip一種使用 Lempel-Ziv 編碼( LZ77 )和32位 CRC 的格式。這最初是 UNIX gzip 程序的格式。

x-gzip為了兼容性的目的,HTTP / 1.1 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還建議支持該內(nèi)容編碼的服務(wù)器應(yīng)該將其識(shí)別為別名。

compress使用 Lempel-Ziv-Welch( LZW )算法的格式。值名取自實(shí)施此算法的 UNIX 壓縮程序。

與大多數(shù) UNIX 發(fā)行版已經(jīng)消失的壓縮程序一樣,目前幾乎沒有瀏覽器使用這種內(nèi)容編碼,部分原因是由于專利問題(已在2003年過期)。

deflate使用 deflate 壓縮算法(在 RFC 1951中定義)使用 zlib 結(jié)構(gòu)(在 RFC 1950中定義)。

identity指示身份功能(即不壓縮,也不修改)。除非明確指定,否則此標(biāo)記始終被視為可接受。

br使用 Brotli 算法的格式。

例子

用 gzip 壓縮

在客戶端,您可以公布一個(gè)將在 HTTP 請(qǐng)求中發(fā)送的壓縮方案列表。Accept-Encoding header 被用于協(xié)商內(nèi)容編碼。

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

服務(wù)器響應(yīng)所使用的方案,由Content-Encoding響應(yīng) header 。

Content-Encoding: gzip

請(qǐng)注意,服務(wù)器沒有義務(wù)使用任何壓縮方法。壓縮高度依賴于服務(wù)器設(shè)置和使用的服務(wù)器模塊。

規(guī)范

Specification

Title

RFC 7231, section 3.1.2.2: Content-Encoding

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content

RFC 7932: Brotli Compressed Data Format

Brotli Compressed Data Format

瀏覽器兼容性

Feature

Chrome

Edge

Firefox

Internet Explorer

Opera

Safari

Basic Support

(Yes)

(Yes)

(Yes)

(Yes)

(Yes)

(Yes)

br

50

No

44.0

No

36.0

No

Feature

Android

Chrome for Android

Edge mobile

Firefox for Android

IE mobile

Opera Android

iOS Safari

Basic Support

(Yes)

(Yes)

(Yes)

(Yes)

(Yes)

(Yes)

(Yes)

br

51

51

No

44.0

No

No

No

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