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enum(枚舉類型) extern(全局變量) float(浮點數(shù)) for fortran goto(goto語句) if(if語句) inline(行內(nèi)函式) int long(長整型) register(寄存器變量) restrict( restrict類型限定符) return short signed sizeof(sizeof運算符) static(靜態(tài)變量) struct(結(jié)構(gòu)體) switch(switch語句) typedef(typedef關(guān)鍵字) union(聯(lián)合體) unsigned(無符號) void(空類型) volatile(volatile變量) while(while語句) _Alignas _Alignof _Atomic _Bool _Complex _Generic _Imaginary _Noreturn _Static_assert _Thread_local C language #define directive #elif directive #else directive #endif directive #error directive #if directive #ifdef directive #ifndef directive #include directive #line directive #pragma directive alignas(對齊指定符) Alternative operators and tokens(替代運算符和令牌) Analyzability Arithmetic operators Arithmetic types Array declaration(數(shù)組聲明) Array initialization(陣列初始化) ASCII Chart Assignment operators(賦值運算符) types(atomic類型限定符) Basic concepts Bit fields(位域) break statement C language C Operator Precedence cast operator character constant(字符字面量) Comments(注釋符) 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vscanf_s vsnprintf vsprintf vsscanf vsscanf_s vswprintf vswprintf_s vswscanf vswscanf_s vwprintf vwprintf_s vwscanf vwscanf_s wprintf wprintf_s wscanf wscanf_s Localization support lconv LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME localeconv Localization support setlocale Numerics abs acos acosf acosh acoshf acoshl acosl asin asinf asinh asinhf asinhl asinl atan atan2 atan2f atan2l atanf atanh atanhf atanhl atanl cabs cabsf cabsl cacos cacosf cacosh cacoshf cacoshl cacosl carg cargf cargl casin casinf casinh casinhf casinhl casinl catan catanf catanh catanhf catanhl catanl cbrt cbrtf cbrtl ccos ccosf ccosh ccoshf ccoshl ccosl ceil ceilf ceill cexp cexpf cexpl cimag cimagf cimagl clog clogf clogl CMPLX CMPLXF CMPLXL Common mathematical functions complex Complex number arithmetic conj conjf conjl copysign copysignf copysignl cos cosf cosh coshf coshl cosl cpow cpowf cpowl cproj cprojf cprojl creal crealf creall csin csinf csinh csinhf csinhl csinl csqrt csqrtf csqrtl ctan ctanf ctanh ctanhf ctanhl ctanl div double_t erf erfc erfcf erfcl erff erfl exp exp2 exp2f exp2l expf expl expm1 expm1f expm1l fabs fabsf fabsl fdim feclearexcept fegetenv fegetexceptflag fegetround feholdexcept feraiseexcept fesetenv fesetexceptflag fesetround fetestexcept feupdateenv FE_ALL_EXCEPT FE_DFL_ENV FE_DIVBYZERO FE_DOWNWARD FE_INEXACT FE_INVALID FE_OVERFLOW FE_TONEAREST FE_TOWARDZERO FE_UNDERFLOW FE_UPWARD Floating-point environment float_t floor floorf floorl fma fmaf fmal fmax fmaxf fmaxl fmin fminf fminl fmod fmodf fmodl fpclassify FP_INFINITE FP_NAN FP_NORMAL FP_SUBNORMAL FP_ZERO frexp frexpf frexpl HUGE_VAL HUGE_VALF HUGE_VALL hypot hypotf hypotl I ilogb ilogbf ilogbl imaginary imaxabs imaxdiv INFINITY isfinite isgreater isgreaterequal isinf isless islessequal islessgreater isnan isnormal isunordered labs ldexp ldexpf ldexpl ldiv lgamma lgammaf lgammal llabs lldiv llrint llrintf llrintl llround llroundf llroundl log log10 log10f log10l log1p log1pf log1pl log2 log2f log2l logb logbf logbl logf logl lrint lrintf lrintl lround lroundf lroundl MATH_ERREXCEPT math_errhandling MATH_ERRNO modf modff modfl nan NAN nanf nanl nearbyint nearbyintf nearbyintl nextafter nextafterf nextafterl nexttoward nexttowardf nexttowardl Numerics pow powf powl Pseudo-random number generation rand RAND_MAX remainder remainderf remainderl remquo remquof remquol rint rintf rintl round roundf roundl scalbln scalblnf scalblnl scalbn scalbnf scalbnl signbit sin sinf sinh sinhf sinhl sinl sqrt sqrtf sqrtl srand tan tanf tanh tanhf tanhl tanl tgamma tgammaf tgammal trunc truncf truncl Type-generic math _Complex_I _Imaginary_I Program support abort atexit at_quick_exit exit EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS getenv getenv_s jmp_buf longjmp Program support utilities quick_exit raise setjmp SIGABRT SIGFPE SIGILL SIGINT signal SIGSEGV SIGTERM sig_atomic_t SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN system _Exit Strings atof atoi atol atoll btowc c16rtomb c32rtomb char16_t char32_t isalnum isalpha isblank iscntrl isdigit isgraph islower isprint ispunct isspace isupper iswalnum iswalpha iswblank iswcntrl iswctype iswdigit iswgraph iswlower iswprint iswpunct iswspace iswupper iswxdigit isxdigit mblen mbrlen mbrtoc16 mbrtoc32 mbrtowc mbsinit mbsrtowcs mbsrtowcs_s mbstate_t mbstowcs mbstowcs_s mbtowc memchr memcmp memcpy memcpy_s memmove memmove_s memset memset_s Null-terminated byte strings Null-terminated multibyte strings Null-terminated wide strings strcat strcat_s strchr strcmp strcoll strcpy strcpy_s strcspn strerror strerrorlen_s strerror_s Strings library strlen strncat Thread support call_once cnd_broadcast cnd_destroy cnd_init cnd_signal cnd_timedwait cnd_wait mtx_destroy mtx_init mtx_lock mtx_plain mtx_recursive mtx_timed mtx_timedlock mtx_trylock mtx_unlock once_flag ONCE_FLAG_INIT thrd_busy thrd_create thrd_current thrd_detach thrd_equal thrd_error thrd_exit thrd_join thrd_nomem thrd_sleep thrd_success thrd_timedout thrd_yield Thread support library thread_local tss_create tss_delete TSS_DTOR_ITERATIONS tss_get tss_set Type support Boolean type support library Fixed width integer types FLT_EVAL_METHOD FLT_ROUNDS max_align_t NULL Numeric limits offsetof ptrdiff_t size_t Type support Variadic functions Variadic functions va_arg va_copy va_end va_list va_start
characters

以空字符結(jié)尾的多字節(jié)字符串(NTMBS)或“多字節(jié)字符串”是一個非零字節(jié)序列,后跟一個值為零的字節(jié)(終止空字符)。

存儲在該字符串中的每個字符可占用多于一個字節(jié)。 用于表示多字節(jié)字符串中字符的編碼是特定于語言環(huán)境的:它可以是UTF-8,GB18030,EUC-JP,Shift-JIS等。例如,字符數(shù)組{'\ xe4','\ xbd ','\ xa0','\ xe5','\ xa5','\ xbd','\ 0'}是以UTF-8多字節(jié)編碼形式存儲字符串“你好”的NTMBS:前三個字節(jié)編碼字符【你】,接下來的三個字節(jié)編碼字符【好】。 在GB18030中編碼的字符串是字符數(shù)組{'\ xc4','\ xe3','\ xba','\ xc3','\ 0'},其中兩個字符中的每一個都被編碼為一個雙字節(jié) 序列。

在某些多字節(jié)編碼中,任何給定的多字節(jié)字符序列都可能表示不同的字符,這取決于先前的字節(jié)序列,稱為“移位序列”。這種編碼被稱為狀態(tài)依賴:需要了解當(dāng)前的轉(zhuǎn)換狀態(tài)來解釋每個字符。NTMBS只有在開始和結(jié)束于初始轉(zhuǎn)換狀態(tài)時才有效:如果使用移位序列,則相應(yīng)的非移位序列必須存在于終止空字符之前。這種編碼的例子是BOCU-1和SCSU。

多字節(jié)字符串與空字符串字符串(NTBS)是布局兼容的,也就是說,除了計算字符數(shù)外,可以使用相同的工具來存儲,復(fù)制和檢查。如果正確的語言環(huán)境有效,I / O函數(shù)還處理多字節(jié)字符串。使用以下與區(qū)域設(shè)置相關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù),可以將多字節(jié)字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為寬字符串并從中轉(zhuǎn)換為寬字符串:

多字節(jié)/寬字符轉(zhuǎn)換

| 在頭文件<stdlib.h>中定義 |

|:----|

| mblen | 返回下一個多字節(jié)字符(函數(shù))中的字節(jié)數(shù)|

| mbtowc | 將下一個多字節(jié)字符轉(zhuǎn)換為寬字符(函數(shù))|

| wctombwctomb_s(C11)| 將寬字符轉(zhuǎn)換為其多字節(jié)表示(函數(shù))|

| mbstowcsmbstowcs_s(C11)| 將窄多字節(jié)字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為寬字符串(函數(shù))|

| wcstombswcstombs_s(C11)| 將寬字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為窄多字節(jié)字符串(函數(shù))|

| 在頭文件<wchar.h>中定義 |

| mbsinit(C95)| 檢查mbstate_t對象是否代表初始轉(zhuǎn)換狀態(tài)(函數(shù))|

| btowc(C95)| 如果可能的話將單字節(jié)窄字符擴(kuò)展為寬字符(函數(shù))|

| wctob(C95)| 如果可能,則將寬字符縮小為單字節(jié)窄字符|(函數(shù))

| mbrlen(C95)| 返回給定狀態(tài)(函數(shù))下一個多字節(jié)字符的字節(jié)數(shù)|

| mbrtowc(C95)| 將下一個多字節(jié)字符轉(zhuǎn)換為寬字符,給定狀態(tài)(函數(shù))|

| wcrtombwcrtomb_s(C95)(C11)| 將寬字符轉(zhuǎn)換為其多字節(jié)表示,給定狀態(tài)(函數(shù))|

| mbsrtowcsmbsrtowcs_s(C95)(C11)| 將一個窄的多字節(jié)字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為寬字符串,給定狀態(tài)(函數(shù))|

| wcsrtombswcsrtombs_s(C95)(C11)| 將寬字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為窄多字節(jié)字符串,給定狀態(tài)(函數(shù))|

| 在頭文件<uchar.h>中定義 |

| mbrtoc16(C11)| 從一個窄多字節(jié)字符串(函數(shù))生成下一個16位寬字符 |

| c16rtomb(C11)| 將16位寬字符轉(zhuǎn)換為窄多字節(jié)字符串(函數(shù))|

| mbrtoc32(C11)| 從一個窄多字節(jié)字符串(函數(shù))生成下一個32位寬字符|

| c32rtomb(C11)| 將32位寬字符轉(zhuǎn)換為窄多字節(jié)字符串(函數(shù))|

類型

| 在頭文件<wchar.h>中定義 |

|:----|

| mbstate_t(C95)| 轉(zhuǎn)換多字節(jié)字符串(類)所需的轉(zhuǎn)換狀態(tài)信息|

| 在頭文件<uchar.h>中定義 |

| char16_t(C11)| 16位寬字符類型(typedef)|

| char32_t(C11)| 32位寬字符類型(typedef)|

| 在頭文件<limits.h>中定義 |

|:----|

| MB_LEN_MAX | 對于任何受支持的語言環(huán)境(宏常量),多字節(jié)字符中的最大字節(jié)數(shù)|

| 在頭文件<stdlib.h> 中定義|

| MB_CUR_MAX | 當(dāng)前語言環(huán)境(宏變量)中多字節(jié)字符中的最大字節(jié)數(shù)|

| 在頭文件<uchar.h>中定義 |

| __STDC_UTF_16__(C11)| 表示mbrtoc16和c16rtomb(宏常量)使用UTF-16編碼|

| __STDC_UTF_32__(C11)| 指示由mbrtoc32和c32rtomb(宏常量)使用UTF-32編碼|

參考

  • C11標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.10整數(shù)類型的大小<limits.h>(p:222)

    • 7.22常用工具<stdlib.h>(p:340-360)

    • 7.28 Unicode實用程序<uchar.h>(p:398-401)

    • 7.29擴(kuò)展的多字節(jié)和寬字符實用程序<wchar.h>(p:402-446)

    • 7.31.12通用工具<stdlib.h>(p:456)

    • 7.31.16擴(kuò)展的多字節(jié)和寬字符實用程序<wchar.h>(p:456)

    • K.3.6通用工具<stdlib.h>(p:604-614)

    • K.3.9擴(kuò)展的多字節(jié)和寬字符實用程序<wchar.h>(p:627-651)

  • C99標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.10整數(shù)類型的大小<limits.h>(p:203)

    • 7.20通用工具<stdlib.h>(p:306-324)

    • 7.24擴(kuò)展的多字節(jié)和寬字符實用程序<wchar.h>(p:348-392)

    • 7.26.10通用工具<stdlib.h>(p:402)

    • 7.26.12擴(kuò)展的多字節(jié)和寬字符實用程序<wchar.h>(p:402)

  • C89 / C90標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(ISO / IEC 9899:1990):

    • 4.1.4限制<float.h>和<limits.h>

    • 4.10一般實用程序<stdlib.h>

    • 4.13.7通用工具<stdlib.h>

擴(kuò)展內(nèi)容

| 用于Null終止的多字節(jié)字符串的C ++文檔 |

|:----|

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在頭文件<wctype.h>中定義



int iswdigit(wint_t ch);


(自C95以來)

檢查給定的寬字符是否對應(yīng)(如果縮?。┦畟€十進(jìn)制數(shù)字字符0123456789中的一個。

參數(shù)

CH

-

寬字符

返回值

如果寬字符是數(shù)字字符,則為非零值,否則為零。

注意

iswdigitiswxdigit是唯一不受當(dāng)前安裝的C語言環(huán)境影響的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寬字符分類函數(shù)。

一些語言環(huán)境提供了檢測非ASCII數(shù)字的附加字符類。

#include <stdio.h>#include <wctype.h>#include <wchar.h>#include <locale.h> void test(wchar_t a3, wchar_t u3, wchar_t j3){    printf("        '%lc' '%lc' '%lc'\n", a3, u3, j3);    printf("iswdigit %d    %d   %d\n",           !!iswdigit(a3), !!iswdigit(u3), !!iswdigit(j3));    printf("jdigit:  %d    %d   %d\n", !!iswctype(a3, wctype("jdigit")),          !!iswctype(u3, wctype("jdigit")),          !!iswctype(j3, wctype("jdigit")));}
 int main(void){
    wchar_t a3 = L'3';  // the ASCII digit 3
    wchar_t u3 = L'三'; // the CJK numeral 3
    wchar_t j3 = L'3'; // the fullwidth digit 3 
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");    puts("In American locale:");    test(a3, u3, j3); 
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "ja_JP.utf8");    puts("\nIn Japanese locale:");    test(a3, u3, j3);}

輸出:

In American locale:        '3' '三' '3'iswdigit 1    0   0jdigit:  0    0   0
 In Japanese locale:        '3' '三' '3'iswdigit 1    0   0jdigit:  0    0   1

參考

  • C11標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.30.2.1.5 iswdigit函數(shù)(p:449)

  • C99標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.25.2.1.5 iswdigit函數(shù)(p:395)

擴(kuò)展內(nèi)容

isdigit

檢查一個字符是否是一個數(shù)字(功能)

| 用于iswdigit的C ++文檔 |

ASCII 值  (十六進(jìn)制)

字符

iscntrl  iswcntrl.

isprint  iswprint.

isspace  iswspace.

isblank  iswblank.

isgraph  iswgraph.

ispunct  iswpunct.

isalnum  iswalnum.

isalpha  iswalpha.

isupper  iswupper.

islower  iswlower.

isdigit  iswdigit.

isxdigit  iswxdigit.


0 - 8

0x00-0x08

控制碼 (NUL, etc.)

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

0x09

tab (\t)

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10 - 13

0x0A-0x0D

空格 (\n,\v,\f,\r)

≠0

0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

14 - 31

0x0E-0x1F

控制碼

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

32

0x20

space

0

≠0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

33 - 47

0x21-0x2F

!"#$%&'()*+,-./

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

48 - 57

0x30-0x39

0123456789

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

0

0

0

≠0

≠0

58 - 64

0x3a-0x40

:;<=>?@

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

65 - 70

0x41-0x46

ABCDEF

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

≠0

0

0

≠0

71 - 90

0x47-0x5A

GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

91 - 96

0x5B-0x60

[]^_` | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |













97 -102

0x61-0x66

abcdef

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

0

≠0

0

≠0

103-122

0x67-0x7A

ghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

0

≠0

0

0

123-126

0x7B-0x7E

{|}~

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

127

0x7F

退格 (DEL)

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

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