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Algorithms Algorithms(算法) bsearch bsearch_s qsort qsort_s Atomic operations Atomic operations library(原子操作庫(kù)) ATOMIC_*_LOCK_FREE atomic_compare_exchange_strong atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit atomic_compare_exchange_weak atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit atomic_exchange atomic_exchange_explicit atomic_fetch_add atomic_fetch_add_explicit atomic_fetch_and atomic_fetch_and_explicit atomic_fetch_or atomic_fetch_or_explicit atomic_fetch_sub atomic_fetch_sub_explicit atomic_fetch_xor atomic_fetch_xor_explicit atomic_flag atomic_flag_clear atomic_flag_clear_explicit ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT atomic_flag_test_and_set atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit atomic_init atomic_is_lock_free atomic_load atomic_load_explicit atomic_signal_fence atomic_store atomic_store_explicit atomic_thread_fence(線程圍欄) ATOMIC_VAR_INIT kill_dependency memory_order(內(nèi)存排序) C keywords auto(自動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)) break(跳出循環(huán)) C keywords(關(guān)鍵詞) case char const(常量修飾符) continue default(預(yù)設(shè)運(yùn)算式) do 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utilities(日期和時(shí)間庫(kù)) difftime(計(jì)算兩個(gè)時(shí)間的間隔) gmtime gmtime_s localtime localtime_s mktime(將時(shí)間結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成經(jīng)過(guò)的秒數(shù)的函數(shù)) strftime(格式化輸出時(shí)間函數(shù)) time timespec timespec_get time_t tm wcsftime(格式化時(shí)間寬字符) Dynamic memory management aligned_alloc C memory management library(內(nèi)存管理庫(kù)) calloc free(釋放動(dòng)態(tài)分配空間的函數(shù)) malloc(動(dòng)態(tài)分配內(nèi)存空間的函數(shù)) realloc(重新分配內(nèi)存空間的函數(shù)) Error handling abort_handler_s assert(斷言) constraint_handler_t errno(錯(cuò)誤報(bào)告) Error handling(錯(cuò)誤處理) Error numbers(錯(cuò)誤個(gè)數(shù)) ignore_handler_s set_constraint_handler_s static_assert File input/output clearerr(清除/復(fù)位) fclose feof ferror fflush(清空文件緩沖區(qū)) fgetc fgetpos fgets fgetwc fgetws File input/output fopen fopen_s fprintf fprintf_s fputc fputs fputwc fputws fread freopen freopen_s fscanf fscanf_s fseek fsetpos ftell fwide fwprintf fwprintf_s fwrite fwscanf fwscanf_s getc getchar gets gets_s getwchar perror printf printf_s putc putchar puts putwc putwchar remove rename rewind scanf scanf_s setbuf setvbuf snprintf sprintf sscanf sscanf_s swprintf swprintf_s swscanf swscanf_s tmpfile tmpfile_s tmpnam tmpnam_s ungetc ungetwc vfprintf vfprintf_s vfscanf vfscanf_s vfwprintf vfwprintf_s vfwscanf vfwscanf_s vprintf vprintf_s vscanf vscanf_s vsnprintf vsprintf vsscanf vsscanf_s vswprintf vswprintf_s vswscanf vswscanf_s vwprintf vwprintf_s vwscanf vwscanf_s wprintf wprintf_s wscanf wscanf_s Localization support lconv LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME localeconv Localization support setlocale Numerics abs acos acosf acosh acoshf acoshl acosl asin asinf asinh asinhf asinhl asinl atan atan2 atan2f atan2l atanf atanh atanhf atanhl atanl cabs cabsf cabsl cacos cacosf cacosh cacoshf cacoshl cacosl carg cargf cargl casin casinf casinh casinhf casinhl casinl catan catanf catanh catanhf catanhl catanl cbrt cbrtf cbrtl ccos ccosf ccosh ccoshf ccoshl ccosl ceil ceilf ceill cexp cexpf cexpl cimag cimagf cimagl clog clogf clogl CMPLX CMPLXF CMPLXL Common mathematical functions complex Complex number arithmetic conj conjf conjl copysign copysignf copysignl cos cosf cosh coshf coshl cosl cpow cpowf cpowl cproj cprojf cprojl creal crealf creall csin csinf csinh csinhf csinhl csinl csqrt csqrtf csqrtl ctan ctanf ctanh ctanhf ctanhl ctanl div double_t erf erfc erfcf erfcl erff erfl exp exp2 exp2f exp2l expf expl expm1 expm1f expm1l fabs fabsf fabsl fdim feclearexcept fegetenv fegetexceptflag fegetround feholdexcept feraiseexcept fesetenv fesetexceptflag fesetround fetestexcept feupdateenv FE_ALL_EXCEPT FE_DFL_ENV FE_DIVBYZERO FE_DOWNWARD FE_INEXACT FE_INVALID FE_OVERFLOW FE_TONEAREST FE_TOWARDZERO FE_UNDERFLOW FE_UPWARD Floating-point environment float_t floor floorf floorl fma fmaf fmal fmax fmaxf fmaxl fmin fminf fminl fmod fmodf fmodl fpclassify FP_INFINITE FP_NAN FP_NORMAL FP_SUBNORMAL FP_ZERO frexp frexpf frexpl HUGE_VAL HUGE_VALF HUGE_VALL hypot hypotf hypotl I ilogb ilogbf ilogbl imaginary imaxabs imaxdiv INFINITY isfinite isgreater isgreaterequal isinf isless islessequal islessgreater isnan isnormal isunordered labs ldexp ldexpf ldexpl ldiv lgamma lgammaf lgammal llabs lldiv llrint llrintf llrintl llround llroundf llroundl log log10 log10f log10l log1p log1pf log1pl log2 log2f log2l logb logbf logbl logf logl lrint lrintf lrintl lround lroundf lroundl MATH_ERREXCEPT math_errhandling MATH_ERRNO modf modff modfl nan NAN nanf nanl nearbyint nearbyintf nearbyintl nextafter nextafterf nextafterl nexttoward nexttowardf nexttowardl Numerics pow powf powl Pseudo-random number generation rand RAND_MAX remainder remainderf remainderl remquo remquof remquol rint rintf rintl round roundf roundl scalbln scalblnf scalblnl scalbn scalbnf scalbnl signbit sin sinf sinh sinhf sinhl sinl sqrt sqrtf sqrtl srand tan tanf tanh tanhf tanhl tanl tgamma tgammaf tgammal trunc truncf truncl Type-generic math _Complex_I _Imaginary_I Program support abort atexit at_quick_exit exit EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS getenv getenv_s jmp_buf longjmp Program support utilities quick_exit raise setjmp SIGABRT SIGFPE SIGILL SIGINT signal SIGSEGV SIGTERM sig_atomic_t SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN system _Exit Strings atof atoi atol atoll btowc c16rtomb c32rtomb char16_t char32_t isalnum isalpha isblank iscntrl isdigit isgraph islower isprint ispunct isspace isupper iswalnum iswalpha iswblank iswcntrl iswctype iswdigit iswgraph iswlower iswprint iswpunct iswspace iswupper iswxdigit isxdigit mblen mbrlen mbrtoc16 mbrtoc32 mbrtowc mbsinit mbsrtowcs mbsrtowcs_s mbstate_t mbstowcs mbstowcs_s mbtowc memchr memcmp memcpy memcpy_s memmove memmove_s memset memset_s Null-terminated byte strings Null-terminated multibyte strings Null-terminated wide strings strcat strcat_s strchr strcmp strcoll strcpy strcpy_s strcspn strerror strerrorlen_s strerror_s Strings library strlen strncat Thread support call_once cnd_broadcast cnd_destroy cnd_init cnd_signal cnd_timedwait cnd_wait mtx_destroy mtx_init mtx_lock mtx_plain mtx_recursive mtx_timed mtx_timedlock mtx_trylock mtx_unlock once_flag ONCE_FLAG_INIT thrd_busy thrd_create thrd_current thrd_detach thrd_equal thrd_error thrd_exit thrd_join thrd_nomem thrd_sleep thrd_success thrd_timedout thrd_yield Thread support library thread_local tss_create tss_delete TSS_DTOR_ITERATIONS tss_get tss_set Type support Boolean type support library Fixed width integer types FLT_EVAL_METHOD FLT_ROUNDS max_align_t NULL Numeric limits offsetof ptrdiff_t size_t Type support Variadic functions Variadic functions va_arg va_copy va_end va_list va_start
characters

在頭文件<string.h>中定義



void * memmove(void * dest,const void * src,size_t count);

(1)


errno_t memmove_s(void * dest,rsize_t destsz,const void * src,rsize_t count);

(2)

(自C11以來(lái))

1)復(fù)制src指向的對(duì)象中的字符到dest指向的對(duì)象。 兩個(gè)對(duì)象都被解釋為無(wú)符號(hào)字符數(shù)組。 這些對(duì)象可能會(huì)重疊:復(fù)制發(fā)生就像將這些字符復(fù)制到一個(gè)臨時(shí)字符數(shù)組,然后將這些字符從該數(shù)組復(fù)制到dest一樣。

如果訪問(wèn)超出dest數(shù)組的末尾,則行為未定義。如果dest或者src其中之一是空指針,行為是未定義的。

2)同(1)中,檢測(cè)在運(yùn)行時(shí)以下錯(cuò)誤時(shí)除外,它歸零出整個(gè)目標(biāo)范圍[dest, dest+destsz)(如果兩個(gè)destdestsz是有效的),并調(diào)用當(dāng)前安裝的約束處理函數(shù):

  • dest或者src是空指針

  • destszcount大于RSIZE_MAX

  • count大于destsz(會(huì)發(fā)生緩沖區(qū)溢出)

如果由dest <count <= destsz指向的字符數(shù)組的大小,行為是未定義的; 換句話說(shuō),destsz的錯(cuò)誤值不會(huì)暴露即將發(fā)生的緩沖區(qū)溢出。 作為所有邊界檢查函數(shù),只有當(dāng)__STDC_LIB_EXT1__由實(shí)現(xiàn)定義并且用戶(hù)在包含string.h之前將__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__定義為整數(shù)常量1時(shí),memmove_s才能保證可用。

參數(shù)

dest

-

指向要復(fù)制到的對(duì)象的指針

destsz

-

在目標(biāo)中修改的最大字節(jié)數(shù)(通常是目標(biāo)對(duì)象的大?。?/p>

src

-

指向要從中復(fù)制的對(duì)象的指針

count

-

要復(fù)制的字節(jié)數(shù)

返回值

1)返回一份dest 副本

2)成功時(shí)返回零,錯(cuò)誤時(shí)返回非零值。 同樣出錯(cuò)的是,如果dest不是空指針且destsz有效,則將destsz零字節(jié)寫(xiě)入目標(biāo)數(shù)組。

注意

memmove 可用于設(shè)置由分配函數(shù)獲得的對(duì)象的有效類(lèi)型。

盡管被指定為“仿佛”使用了臨時(shí)緩沖區(qū),但該函數(shù)的實(shí)際實(shí)現(xiàn)不會(huì)產(chǎn)生開(kāi)銷(xiāo)或雙重復(fù)制或額外的內(nèi)存。 一種常用的方法(glibc和bsd libc)是如果目的地在源之前開(kāi)始,則從緩沖區(qū)的開(kāi)始向前復(fù)制字節(jié),否則從最后向后復(fù)制字節(jié),在沒(méi)有重疊的情況下回退到效率更高的memcpy 所有。

在嚴(yán)格別名禁止檢查與兩種不同類(lèi)型的值相同的內(nèi)存的情況下,memmove可以用來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換這些值。

#define __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__ 1#include <stdio.h>#include <stdint.h>#include <inttypes.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>
 int main(void){
    char str[] = "1234567890";    puts(str);    memmove(str+4, str+3, 3); // copy from [4,5,6] to [5,6,7]    puts(str); 
    // setting effective type of allocated memory to be int
    int *p = malloc(3*sizeof(int));   // allocated memory has no effective type
    int arr[3] = {1,2,3};    memmove(p,arr,3*sizeof(int));     // allocated memory now has an effective type 
    // reinterpreting data
    double d = 0.1;//    int64_t n = *(int64_t*)(&d); // strict aliasing violation
    int64_t n;    memmove(&n, &d, sizeof d); // OK    printf("%a is %" PRIx64 " as an int64_t\n", d, n);
 #ifdef __STDC_LIB_EXT1__    set_constraint_handler_s(ignore_handler_s);
    char src[] = "aaaaaaaaaa";
    char dst[] = "xyxyxyxyxy";
    int r = memmove_s(dst,sizeof dst,src,5);    printf("dst = \"%s\", r = %d\n", dst,r);
    r = memmove_s(dst,5,src,10);            //  count is greater than destsz      printf("dst = \"");    for(size_t ndx=0; ndx<sizeof dst; ++ndx) {
        char c = dst[ndx];
        c ? printf("%c", c) : printf("\\0");    }    printf("\", r = %d\n", r);#endif}

可能的輸出:

123456789012344568900x1.999999999999ap-4 is 3fb999999999999a as an int64_t
dst = "aaaaayxyxy", r = 0dst = "\0\0\0\0\0yxyxy", r = 22

參考

  • C11標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.24.2.2移動(dòng)功能(p:363)

    • K.3.7.1.2 memmove_s函數(shù)(p:615)

  • C99標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.21.2.2移動(dòng)功能(p:326)

  • C89 / C90標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(ISO / IEC 9899:1990):

    • 4.11.2.2 memmove函數(shù)

擴(kuò)展內(nèi)容

memcpymemcpy_s(C11)

將一個(gè)緩沖區(qū)復(fù)制到另一個(gè)(功能)

wmemmovewmemmove_s(C95)(C11)

在兩個(gè)可能重疊的數(shù)組之間復(fù)制一定數(shù)量的寬字符(函數(shù))

| memmove的C ++文檔 |

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在頭文件<wctype.h>中定義



int iswdigit(wint_t ch);


(自C95以來(lái))

檢查給定的寬字符是否對(duì)應(yīng)(如果縮小)十個(gè)十進(jìn)制數(shù)字字符0123456789中的一個(gè)。

參數(shù)

CH

-

寬字符

返回值

如果寬字符是數(shù)字字符,則為非零值,否則為零。

注意

iswdigitiswxdigit是唯一不受當(dāng)前安裝的C語(yǔ)言環(huán)境影響的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寬字符分類(lèi)函數(shù)。

一些語(yǔ)言環(huán)境提供了檢測(cè)非ASCII數(shù)字的附加字符類(lèi)。

#include <stdio.h>#include <wctype.h>#include <wchar.h>#include <locale.h> void test(wchar_t a3, wchar_t u3, wchar_t j3){    printf("        '%lc' '%lc' '%lc'\n", a3, u3, j3);    printf("iswdigit %d    %d   %d\n",           !!iswdigit(a3), !!iswdigit(u3), !!iswdigit(j3));    printf("jdigit:  %d    %d   %d\n", !!iswctype(a3, wctype("jdigit")),          !!iswctype(u3, wctype("jdigit")),          !!iswctype(j3, wctype("jdigit")));}
 int main(void){
    wchar_t a3 = L'3';  // the ASCII digit 3
    wchar_t u3 = L'三'; // the CJK numeral 3
    wchar_t j3 = L'3'; // the fullwidth digit 3 
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");    puts("In American locale:");    test(a3, u3, j3); 
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "ja_JP.utf8");    puts("\nIn Japanese locale:");    test(a3, u3, j3);}

輸出:

In American locale:        '3' '三' '3'iswdigit 1    0   0jdigit:  0    0   0
 In Japanese locale:        '3' '三' '3'iswdigit 1    0   0jdigit:  0    0   1

參考

  • C11標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.30.2.1.5 iswdigit函數(shù)(p:449)

  • C99標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.25.2.1.5 iswdigit函數(shù)(p:395)

擴(kuò)展內(nèi)容

isdigit

檢查一個(gè)字符是否是一個(gè)數(shù)字(功能)

| 用于iswdigit的C ++文檔 |

ASCII 值  (十六進(jìn)制)

字符

iscntrl  iswcntrl.

isprint  iswprint.

isspace  iswspace.

isblank  iswblank.

isgraph  iswgraph.

ispunct  iswpunct.

isalnum  iswalnum.

isalpha  iswalpha.

isupper  iswupper.

islower  iswlower.

isdigit  iswdigit.

isxdigit  iswxdigit.


0 - 8

0x00-0x08

控制碼 (NUL, etc.)

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

0x09

tab (\t)

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10 - 13

0x0A-0x0D

空格 (\n,\v,\f,\r)

≠0

0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

14 - 31

0x0E-0x1F

控制碼

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

32

0x20

space

0

≠0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

33 - 47

0x21-0x2F

!"#$%&'()*+,-./

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

48 - 57

0x30-0x39

0123456789

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

0

0

0

≠0

≠0

58 - 64

0x3a-0x40

:;<=>?@

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

65 - 70

0x41-0x46

ABCDEF

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

≠0

0

0

≠0

71 - 90

0x47-0x5A

GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

91 - 96

0x5B-0x60

[]^_` | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |













97 -102

0x61-0x66

abcdef

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

0

≠0

0

≠0

103-122

0x67-0x7A

ghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

≠0

≠0

0

≠0

0

0

123-126

0x7B-0x7E

{|}~

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

127

0x7F

退格 (DEL)

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

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