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Docker 包含多種日志記錄機制來幫助您從運行容器和服務(wù)中獲取信息。這些機制被稱為日志驅(qū)動程序。
每個 Docker 守護進程（daemon）都有一個默認(rèn)日志記錄驅(qū)動程序，每個容器使用該驅(qū)動程序，除非您將其配置為使用其他日志記錄驅(qū)動程序
除了使用 Docker 附帶的日志驅(qū)動程序之外，您還可以實現(xiàn)和使用日志驅(qū)動程序插件。記錄驅(qū)動程序插件在 Docker 17.05和更高版本中可用。
配置默認(rèn)記錄驅(qū)動程序
要將 Docker 守護程序（daemon）配置為默認(rèn)為特定的日志記錄驅(qū)動程序，請將log-driver值設(shè)置為位于 Linux 主機/etc/docker/或 Windows 服務(wù)器主機上C:\ProgramData\docker\config\的daemon.json文件中的日志記錄驅(qū)動程序的名稱。默認(rèn)日志記錄驅(qū)動程序是json-file。以下示例顯式地將默認(rèn)日志記錄驅(qū)動程序設(shè)置為syslog：
{ "log-driver": "syslog"}如果日志記錄驅(qū)動程序具有可配置選項，則可以使用log-opts鍵將它們作為 JSON 數(shù)組設(shè)置在daemon.json文件中。以下示例在json-file日志記錄驅(qū)動程序上設(shè)置兩個可配置選項：
{ "log-driver": "json-file", "log-opts": { "labels": "production_status", "env": "os,customer" }}如果您不指定日志記錄驅(qū)動程序，則默認(rèn)為json-file。因此，JSON之類的命令的默認(rèn)輸出，諸如docker inspect <CONTAINER>。
要查找 Docker 守護程序（daemon）的當(dāng)前默認(rèn)日志記錄驅(qū)動程序，請運行docker info并且搜索Logging Driver。您可以在 Linux，macOS 或在 Windows 上的 PowerShell 上使用以下命令：
$ docker info |grep 'Logging Driver'Logging Driver: json-file
配置容器的日志記錄驅(qū)動程序
在啟動容器時，可以使用--log-driver標(biāo)志將其配置為使用與 Docker 守護程序（daemon）默認(rèn)值不同的日志記錄驅(qū)動程序。如果日志記錄驅(qū)動程序具有可配置選項，則可以使用--log-opt <NAME>=<VALUE>標(biāo)志的一個或多個實例來設(shè)置它們。即使容器使用默認(rèn)的日志記錄驅(qū)動程序，它也可以使用不同的可配置選項。
以下示例帶有none日志驅(qū)動程序啟動 Alpine 容器。
$ docker run -it --log-driver none alpine ash
要查找正在運行的容器的當(dāng)前日志記錄驅(qū)動程序，如果守護程序正在使用json-file日志記錄驅(qū)動程序，請運行以下docker inspect命令，將容器名稱或 ID 替換為<CONTAINER>：
$ docker inspect -f '{{.HostConfig.LogConfig.Type}}' <CONTAINER>json-file使用環(huán)境變量或標(biāo)簽與日志驅(qū)動程序
一些日志記錄驅(qū)動程序?qū)⒁粋€容器的--env|-e或--label多個標(biāo)志的值添加到容器的日志中。本示例使用 Docker 守護程序（daemon）的默認(rèn)日志記錄驅(qū)動程序啟動容器（讓我們假設(shè)json-file），但設(shè)置環(huán)境變量os=ubuntu。
$ docker run -dit --label production_status=testing -e os=ubuntu alpine sh
如果日志記錄驅(qū)動程序支持它，則會向日志輸出添加其他字段。以下輸出由json-file日志驅(qū)動程序生成：
"attrs":{"production_status":"testing","os":"ubuntu"}支持的日志驅(qū)動
支持以下日志記錄驅(qū)動程序。如果適用，請參閱每個驅(qū)動程序文檔的鏈接以了解其可配置選項。如果您使用的是日志驅(qū)動程序插件，則可能會看到更多選項。
驅(qū)動 | 描述 | |
|---|---|---|
none | 沒有日志將可用于容器和碼頭日志不會返回任何輸出。 | |
json-file | 日志格式為JSON。Docker的默認(rèn)日志記錄驅(qū)動程序。 | |
syslog | 將日志消息寫入syslog工具。系統(tǒng)日志守護程序必須在主機上運行。 | |
journald | 將日志消息寫入日記帳。journald守護程序必須在主機上運行。 | |
gelf | 將日志消息寫入Graylog擴展日志格式（GELF）端點，如Graylog或Logstash。 | |
fluentd | 將日志消息寫入fluentd（正向輸入）。fluentd守護進程必須在主機上運行。 | |
awslogs | 將日志消息寫入Amazon CloudWatch Logs。 | |
splunk | 使用HTTP事件收集器將日志消息寫入splunk。 | |
etwlogs | 將日志消息寫為Windows事件跟蹤（ETW）事件。僅在Windows平臺上可用。 | |
gcplogs | 將日志消息寫入Google Cloud Platform（GCP）日志記錄。 |
記錄驅(qū)動程序的限制
docker logs命令不適用于除json-file和journald之外的其他驅(qū)動程序。