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Docker內(nèi)置的群集模式公鑰基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（PKI）系統(tǒng)使得安全部署容器編排系統(tǒng)變得非常簡單。群中的節(jié)點(diǎn)使用相互傳輸層安全性（TLS）來驗證，授權(quán)和加密與群中其他節(jié)點(diǎn)的通信。
當(dāng)您通過運(yùn)行創(chuàng)建swarm時docker swarm init，Docker將自己指定為管理器節(jié)點(diǎn)。默認(rèn)情況下，管理器節(jié)點(diǎn)會生成一個新的根證書頒發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)（CA）和一個密鑰對，用于保護(hù)與加入該群體的其他節(jié)點(diǎn)的通信。如果您愿意，可以使用--external-cadocker swarm init命令的標(biāo)志來指定您自己的外部生成的根CA.
當(dāng)您將其他節(jié)點(diǎn)加入到群集中時，管理器節(jié)點(diǎn)還會生成兩個令牌：一個工作人員令牌和一個管理員令牌。每個令牌都包含根 CA 證書的摘要和隨機(jī)生成的秘密。當(dāng)節(jié)點(diǎn)加入群集時，加入節(jié)點(diǎn)使用摘要來驗證來自遠(yuǎn)程管理器的根 CA 證書。遠(yuǎn)程管理員使用該秘密來確保加入節(jié)點(diǎn)是批準(zhǔn)的節(jié)點(diǎn)。
每當(dāng)新節(jié)點(diǎn)加入群時，管理員都會向節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)出證書。證書包含一個隨機(jī)生成的節(jié)點(diǎn) ID，用于標(biāo)識證書公用名稱（CN）下的節(jié)點(diǎn)和組織單位（OU）下的角色。節(jié)點(diǎn)ID用作當(dāng)前群中節(jié)點(diǎn)生存期的密碼安全節(jié)點(diǎn)標(biāo)識。
下圖說明了工作管理器節(jié)點(diǎn)和工作節(jié)點(diǎn)如何使用最少的 TLS 1.2來加密通信。
下面的示例顯示了來自工作節(jié)點(diǎn)的證書的信息：
Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 3b:1c:06:91:73:fb:16:ff:69:c3:f7:a2:fe:96:c1:73:e2:80:97:3b Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256 Issuer: CN=swarm-ca Validity Not Before: Aug 30 02:39:00 2016 GMT Not After : Nov 28 03:39:00 2016 GMT Subject: O=ec2adilxf4ngv7ev8fwsi61i7, OU=swarm-worker, CN=dw02poa4vqvzxi5c10gm4pq2g...snip...
默認(rèn)情況下，群中的每個節(jié)點(diǎn)每三個月更新一次證書。您可以通過運(yùn)行該docker swarm update --cert-expiry <TIME PERIOD>命令來配置此間隔。最小旋轉(zhuǎn)值是1小時。有關(guān)詳細(xì)信息，請參閱 Docker 群更新 CLI 參考。
輪換CA證書
如果群集 CA 密鑰或管理器節(jié)點(diǎn)受到危害，您可以輪換群集根CA，以便任何節(jié)點(diǎn)都不會再信任由舊的根 CA 簽署的證書。
運(yùn)行docker swarm ca --rotate以生成新的CA證書和密鑰。如果你愿意，你可以傳遞--ca-cert和--external-ca標(biāo)志來指定根證書，并使用群集外部的根 CA. 或者，您可以通過--ca-cert和--ca-key標(biāo)志來指定您希望群使用的確切證書和密鑰。
當(dāng)你發(fā)出這個docker swarm ca --rotate命令時，下面的事情按順序發(fā)生：
Docker 生成一個交叉簽名證書。這意味著新的根 CA 證書的版本是使用舊的根 CA 證書簽署的。此交叉簽名證書用作所有新節(jié)點(diǎn)證書的中間證書。這可確保仍信任舊根 CA 的節(jié)點(diǎn)將能夠驗證由新 CA 簽名的證書。
在Docker 17.06 及更高版本中，Docker 還告訴所有節(jié)點(diǎn)立即更新其 TLS 證書。此過程可能需要幾分鐘時間，具體取決于群中節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)量。
注意：如果您的 swarm 具有不同 Docker 版本的節(jié)點(diǎn)，則以下兩種情況屬實：
- Only a manager that is running as the leader **and** running Docker 17.06 or higher will tell nodes to renew their TLS certificates.- Only nodes running Docker 17.06 or higher will obey this directive.
對于最可預(yù)測的行為，確保所有 swarm 節(jié)點(diǎn)都在運(yùn)行 Docker 17.06 或更高版本。
在群中的每個節(jié)點(diǎn)都有新的 CA 簽名的新 TLS 證書后，Docker 將忘記舊的 CA 證書和密鑰材料，并告訴所有節(jié)點(diǎn)只信任新的 CA 證書。這也會導(dǎo)致群體的聯(lián)合令牌發(fā)生變化。以前的聯(lián)合令牌將不再有效。從這一點(diǎn)開始，所有已頒發(fā)的新節(jié)點(diǎn)證書都將使用新的根 CA 進(jìn)行簽名，并且不會包含任何中間件。了解更多
閱讀有關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)如何工作。
了解群集模式服務(wù)如何工作。