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Getting started (Compose) Install Compose Link environment variables (deprecated) (Compose) Networking in Compose Overview of Docker Compose Overview of docker-compose CLI Quickstart: Compose and WordPress Rails and PostgreSQL (Compose) Sample apps with Compose Using Compose in production Using Compose with Swarm Engine .NET Core application (Engine) About images, containers, and storage drivers (Engine) Add nodes to the swarm (Engine) Apply custom metadata (Engine) Apply rolling updates (Engine) apt-cacher-ng Best practices for writing Dockerfiles (Engine) Binaries (Engine) Bind container ports to the host (Engine) Breaking changes (Engine) Build your own bridge (Engine) Configure container DNS (Engine) Configure container DNS in user-defined networks (Engine) CouchDB (Engine) Create a base image (Engine) Create a swarm (Engine) Customize the docker0 bridge (Engine) Debian (Engine) Default bridge network Delete the service (Engine) Deploy a service (Engine) Deploy services to a swarm 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Select a storage driver (Engine) Set up for the tutorial (Engine) SSHd (Engine) Storage driver overview (Engine) Store service configuration data (Engine) Swarm administration guide (Engine) Swarm mode key concepts (Engine) Swarm mode overlay network security model (Engine) Swarm mode overview (Engine) Understand container communication (Engine) Use multi-stage builds (Engine) Use swarm mode routing mesh (Engine) Use the AUFS storage driver (Engine) Use the Btrfs storage driver (Engine) Use the Device mapper storage driver (Engine) Use the OverlayFS storage driver (Engine) Use the VFS storage driver (Engine) Use the ZFS storage driver (Engine) Engine: Admin Guide Amazon CloudWatch logs logging driver (Engine) Bind mounts (Engine) Collect Docker metrics with Prometheus (Engine) Configuring and running Docker (Engine) Configuring logging drivers (Engine) Control and configure Docker with systemd (Engine) ETW logging driver (Engine) Fluentd logging driver (Engine) Format command and log output (Engine) Google Cloud logging driver (Engine) Graylog Extended Format (GELF) logging driver (Engine) Journald logging driver (Engine) JSON File logging driver (Engine) Keep containers alive during daemon downtime (Engine) Limit a container's resources (Engine) Link via an ambassador container (Engine) Log tags for logging driver (Engine) Logentries logging driver (Engine) PowerShell DSC usage (Engine) Prune unused Docker objects (Engine) Run multiple services in a container (Engine) Runtime metrics (Engine) Splunk logging driver (Engine) Start containers automatically (Engine) Storage overview (Engine) Syslog logging driver (Engine) tmpfs mounts Troubleshoot volume problems (Engine) Use a logging driver plugin (Engine) Using Ansible (Engine) Using Chef (Engine) Using Puppet (Engine) View a container's logs (Engine) Volumes (Engine) Engine: CLI Daemon CLI reference (dockerd) (Engine) docker docker attach docker build docker checkpoint docker checkpoint create docker checkpoint ls docker checkpoint rm docker commit docker config docker config create docker config inspect docker config ls docker config rm docker container docker container attach docker container commit docker container cp docker container create docker container diff docker container exec docker container export docker container inspect docker container kill docker container logs docker container ls docker container pause docker container port docker container prune docker container rename docker container restart docker container rm docker container run docker container start docker container stats docker container stop docker container top docker container unpause docker container update docker container wait docker cp docker create docker deploy docker diff docker events docker exec docker export docker history docker image docker image build docker image history docker image import docker image inspect docker image load docker image ls docker image prune docker image pull docker image push 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Looking for Compose file reference? Find the latest version here.

Compose是定義和運(yùn)行多容器Docker應(yīng)用程序的工具。使用Compose,您可以使用Compose文件來(lái)配置應(yīng)用程序的服務(wù)。然后,使用單個(gè)命令創(chuàng)建并啟動(dòng)配置中的所有服務(wù)。要詳細(xì)了解Compose的所有功能,請(qǐng)參閱功能列表。

Compose非常適合開(kāi)發(fā),測(cè)試和分段環(huán)境以及CI工作流程。您可以了解有關(guān)常見(jiàn)使用案例中每個(gè)案例的更多信息。

使用Compose基本上是一個(gè)三步過(guò)程。

  1. 用一個(gè)定義你的應(yīng)用程序的環(huán)境,Dockerfile這樣它就可以在任何地方再現(xiàn)。

  2. 定義組成您的應(yīng)用程序的服務(wù),docker-compose.yml以便它們可以在隔離的環(huán)境中一起運(yùn)行。

  3. 最后,運(yùn)行docker-compose up和撰寫(xiě)將開(kāi)始并運(yùn)行您的整個(gè)應(yīng)用程序。

docker-compose.yml看起來(lái)像這樣:

version: '3'services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:    - "5000:5000"
    volumes:    - .:/code    - logvolume01:/var/log
    links:    - redis
  redis:
    image: redis
volumes:
  logvolume01: {}

有關(guān)撰寫(xiě)文件的更多信息,請(qǐng)參閱撰寫(xiě)文件參考。

Compose具有管理應(yīng)用程序整個(gè)生命周期的命令:

  • 開(kāi)始,停止并重建服務(wù)

  • 查看正在運(yùn)行的服務(wù)的狀態(tài)

  • 流式傳輸運(yùn)行服務(wù)的日志輸出

  • 在服務(wù)上運(yùn)行一次性命令

撰寫(xiě)文件

  • 安裝Compose

  • 入門(mén)

  • 開(kāi)始使用Django

  • 開(kāi)始使用Rails

  • 開(kāi)始使用WordPress

  • 經(jīng)常問(wèn)的問(wèn)題

  • 命令行參考

  • 撰寫(xiě)文件參考

特征

使其有效的Compose功能包括:

  • 單個(gè)主機(jī)上有多個(gè)獨(dú)立的環(huán)境

  • 創(chuàng)建容器時(shí)保留卷數(shù)據(jù)

  • 只重新創(chuàng)建已更改的容器

  • 變量并在環(huán)境之間移動(dòng)合成

單個(gè)主機(jī)上有多個(gè)獨(dú)立的環(huán)境

撰寫(xiě)使用項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng)來(lái)隔離彼此的環(huán)境。您可以在多個(gè)不同的環(huán)境中使用此項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng):

  • 在開(kāi)發(fā)主機(jī)上創(chuàng)建單個(gè)環(huán)境的多個(gè)副本(例如,您希望為項(xiàng)目的每個(gè)功能分支運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定副本)

  • 在CI服務(wù)器上,為了避免構(gòu)建互相干擾,可以將項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng)設(shè)置為唯一的內(nèi)部版本號(hào)

  • 在共享主機(jī)或開(kāi)發(fā)主機(jī)上,以防止可能使用相同服務(wù)名稱(chēng)的不同項(xiàng)目相互干擾

默認(rèn)項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng)是項(xiàng)目目錄的基本名稱(chēng)。您可以使用-p命令行選項(xiàng)或COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME環(huán)境變量設(shè)置自定義項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng)。

創(chuàng)建容器時(shí)保留卷數(shù)據(jù)

撰寫(xiě)會(huì)保留您的服務(wù)使用的所有卷。當(dāng)docker-compose up運(yùn)行時(shí),如果發(fā)現(xiàn)任何集裝箱從之前的運(yùn)行,它會(huì)將從舊容器到新容器的體積。此過(guò)程可確保您在卷中創(chuàng)建的任何數(shù)據(jù)都不會(huì)丟失。

如果您docker-compose在Windows機(jī)器上使用,請(qǐng)參閱環(huán)境變量并根據(jù)您的特定需求調(diào)整必要的環(huán)境變量。

只重新創(chuàng)建已更改的容器

組合緩存用于創(chuàng)建容器的配置。當(dāng)您重新啟動(dòng)未更改的服務(wù)時(shí),Compose將重新使用現(xiàn)有的容器。重復(fù)使用容器意味著您可以快速更改環(huán)境。

變量并在環(huán)境之間移動(dòng)合成

Compose支持Compose文件中的變量。您可以使用這些變量為不同的環(huán)境或不同的用戶(hù)自定義組合。有關(guān)更多詳情,請(qǐng)參閱變量替換

您可以使用該extends字段或通過(guò)創(chuàng)建多個(gè)撰寫(xiě)文件來(lái)擴(kuò)展撰寫(xiě)文件。請(qǐng)參閱延伸了解更多細(xì)節(jié)。

常見(jiàn)用例

撰寫(xiě)可用于許多不同的方式。下面概述了一些常見(jiàn)用例。

開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境

在開(kāi)發(fā)軟件時(shí),在孤立環(huán)境中運(yùn)行應(yīng)用程序并與其交互的能力至關(guān)重要。Compose命令行工具可用于創(chuàng)建環(huán)境并與之交互。

Compose文件提供了一種方式來(lái)記錄和配置所有應(yīng)用程序的服務(wù)依賴(lài)關(guān)系(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),隊(duì)列,緩存,Web服務(wù)API等)。使用Compose命令行工具,您可以使用單個(gè)命令(docker-compose up)為每個(gè)依賴(lài)項(xiàng)創(chuàng)建和啟動(dòng)一個(gè)或多個(gè)容器。

總之,這些功能為開(kāi)發(fā)人員開(kāi)始項(xiàng)目提供了一種便捷方式。撰寫(xiě)可以減少多頁(yè)“開(kāi)發(fā)人員入門(mén)指南”到一個(gè)機(jī)器可讀的Compose文件和一些命令。

自動(dòng)化測(cè)試環(huán)境

任何持續(xù)部署或持續(xù)集成過(guò)程的一個(gè)重要部分是自動(dòng)化測(cè)試套件。自動(dòng)化的端到端測(cè)試需要一個(gè)運(yùn)行測(cè)試的環(huán)境。Compose提供了一種創(chuàng)建和銷(xiāo)毀測(cè)試套件的獨(dú)立測(cè)試環(huán)境的便捷方式。通過(guò)在Compose文件中定義完整的環(huán)境,您可以通過(guò)幾條命令創(chuàng)建和銷(xiāo)毀這些環(huán)境:

$ docker-compose up -d
$ ./run_tests
$ docker-compose down

單個(gè)主機(jī)部署

撰寫(xiě)傳統(tǒng)上一直專(zhuān)注于開(kāi)發(fā)和測(cè)試工作流程,但每次發(fā)布我們都在更多面向生產(chǎn)的功能方面取得進(jìn)展。您可以使用Compose部署到遠(yuǎn)程Docker引擎。Docker引擎可以是配備Docker Machine或整個(gè)Docker Swarm集群的單個(gè)實(shí)例。

有關(guān)使用面向生產(chǎn)功能的詳細(xì)信息,請(qǐng)參閱本文檔中的制作。

發(fā)行說(shuō)明

要查看過(guò)去和當(dāng)前版本的Docker Compose變更的詳細(xì)列表,請(qǐng)參閱CHANGELOG。

獲得幫助

Docker Compose正在積極開(kāi)發(fā)中。如果您需要幫助,想要貢獻(xiàn),或者只是想與志趣相投的人討論這個(gè)項(xiàng)目,我們有許多開(kāi)放的溝通渠道。

  • 要報(bào)告錯(cuò)誤或文件功能請(qǐng)求:請(qǐng)使用Github上的問(wèn)題跟蹤器。

  • 與人們實(shí)時(shí)交流項(xiàng)目:請(qǐng)加入#docker-composefreenode IRC頻道。

  • 要提供代碼或文檔更改:請(qǐng)?jiān)贕ithub上提交請(qǐng)求。

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