How to Recover Data from a Failing Linux System
Stop using the faulty system immediately to prevent further corruption; 2. Use LiveUSB/CD to boot into a read-only environment; 3. Determine the fault type: physical damage needs to avoid repeated power-on and consider professional recovery or use ddrescue cloning. File system logic errors can try FSK repair or read-only mount, and boot problems can be accessed directly through the Live environment; 4. Priority is given to using ddrescue to complete cloning of the faulty disk to protect the original data before recovery; 5. Mount the partition from the cloned disk or Live environment and use CP or rsync to copy the data to external storage; 6. For deleted or seriously damaged files, use TestDisk to restore the partition or PhotoRec according to file characteristics; 7.
Aug 01, 2025 am 04:20 AM
how to check for disk errors in linux
To check for disk errors in Linux systems, use the fsck and smartctl tools. 1. Use fsck to check file system errors. You must uninstall the partition first and then execute sudofsck/dev/sdX1. Support parameters -t to specify the file system type, -y automatically repair, and -n only view the problem; be careful not to operate the mounted root partition unless in recovery mode. 2. Use smartctl to detect the health status of the hard disk. You must first install smartmontools, check the SMART status, enable SMART and run the full test, and check the self-test results; if Reallocated_Sector or Pending_Sector is not 0, say
Aug 01, 2025 am 03:12 AM
How to use `chroot` to Create an Isolated Linux Environment
chrootprovidesalightweightfilesystemisolationbychangingtherootdirectoryforaprocess,usefulfortesting,recovery,orbuilding;1.Understandthatchrootonlyisolatesthefilesystem,notsecurity,networking,orprocesses,soit’snotasandbox;2.Setuptheenvironmentusingdeb
Aug 01, 2025 am 02:46 AM
A Guide to Centralized Authentication on Linux with LDAP
LDAPprovidescentralizedauthenticationbystoringuserdataonaserverthatclientsqueryduringlogin.2.SetupanLDAPserverlikeOpenLDAPwithproperschemaanduserentries,ensuringTLSforsecurity.3.OnLinuxclients,installSSSDandconfigureittoconnecttotheLDAPserverusinglda
Jul 31, 2025 am 05:24 AM
What are the advantages of a Linux server over a Windows server?
Linux servers have obvious advantages over Windows servers in terms of flexibility, cost and performance. First, Linux can provide better performance on low-end hardware because it occupies less resources and can choose from lightweight systems such as AlpineLinux; second, it provides higher customization and control rights, and supports replacement of package managers and service components; third, built-in command line tools and scripts support greatly simplifying automation tasks; fourth, its open-source security and stability design ensures long-term operation and policy control; finally, although Windows has advantages in specific scenarios such as .NET applications, Linux is still the preferred solution for web hosting, cloud computing and back-end services.
Jul 31, 2025 am 04:46 AM
How to Configure UFW Firewall on an Ubuntu Linux Server
First make sure to allow SSH access, then enable UFW and set the default policy to deny all inbound and all outbound traffic, then open the necessary service ports (such as SSH, HTTP, HTTPS), optionally limit access to the source IP, use speed limit rules to prevent brute force cracking, and verify the configuration through ufwstatus, and finally avoid resetting the firewall.
Jul 31, 2025 am 04:39 AM
Optimizing SSD Performance on a Linux System
TooptimizeSSDperformanceonLinux,firstenableTRIMbycheckingsupportwithsudohdparm-I/dev/sdX|grepTRIM,thenensuretheweeklyfstrimtimerisactivewithsystemctlstatusfstrim.timer,orenableitmanuallyusingsudosystemctlenablefstrim.timer,andoptionallyusemanualtrimm
Jul 31, 2025 am 03:17 AM
Linux Performance Tuning and Server Optimization Techniques
Optimizing CPU usage requires monitoring utilization and adjusting priority, frequency strategy and binding core; 2. Memory optimization should reduce Swappiness, clean caches and rationally configure application memory; 3. Disk I/O optimization includes selecting appropriate scheduler, file system, mount options and RAID/LVM configuration; 4. Network tuning requires adjusting TCP parameters, enabling interrupt merging and balancing interrupt load; 5. System-level optimization recommends turning off redundant services, using chrony synchronization time and tuning kernel parameters, combining tools such as perf and sar to continuously analyze performance bottlenecks, and finally gradually improve system efficiency through baseline comparison, and fully realize stable and efficient operation of the server.
Jul 31, 2025 am 03:15 AM
What are Linux Namespaces and Cgroups?
Namespacesprovideisolationbygivingprocessesseparateviewsofsystemresources,whileCgroupscontrolresourceusagesuchasCPU,memory,andI/O.1.PID,Mount,Network,UTS,IPC,User,andCgroupnamespacesisolateprocesstrees,filesystems,networkstacks,hostnames,inter-proces
Jul 31, 2025 am 02:40 AM
How to Use `grep` for Powerful Pattern Matching in Linux
grep is the core tool used for text search in Linux, which can quickly find content through pattern matching; its basic syntax is grep[options]PATTERN[FILE...], for example, grep"error"/var/log/syslog can find lines containing "error", which is case sensitive by default, and case can be ignored using the -i option, such as grep-i"error"/var/log/syslog; supports regular expressions, 1. Use ^ to match the beginning of the line, such as grep"^Failed"/var/log/a
Jul 31, 2025 am 02:07 AM
Building a NAS (Network Attached Storage) with Linux
Choosecompatiblehardwarelikealow-powerCPU,4–8GBRAM,NAS-ratedHDDs,andGigabitEthernet.2.InstallasuitableLinuxdistributionsuchasOpenMediaVaultorUbuntuServerforeaseofuseandstrongsupport.3.ConfigurestorageusingRAID1/5/6orZFSfordataredundancyandintegrity,c
Jul 31, 2025 am 01:45 AM
How to Secure Apache on a Linux Server
Keep the system and Apache updated to get security patches; 2. Disable unused modules (such as status, autoindex) to reduce the attack surface; 3. Hide Apache version and operating system information to prevent information leakage; 4. Force HTTPS and configure strong TLS encryption; 5. Disable directory listing and restrict file access permissions; 6. Set correct file owners and permissions (such as www-data, 644/755); 7. Enable mod_security and mod_evasive to defend against web attacks and DDoS; 8. Enable logging and monitor regularly to detect abnormal behaviors - these steps can significantly improve Apache security and build an effective protection foundation.
Jul 31, 2025 am 01:19 AM
What is Kubernetes (K8s) and what problems does it solve?
Kubernetessolvesthechallengesofmanagingcontainerizedapplicationsatscalebyautomatingdeployment,scaling,andoperations.1)Iteliminatesmanualcontainermanagementbyautomaticallyhandlingfailures,scaling,andworkloaddistribution.2)Itensuresconsistentapplicatio
Jul 31, 2025 am 01:19 AM
Understanding Linux Memory Management and Optimization
Linuxefficientlyusesmemorybycachingfilesandbuffers,sohigh"used"memoryisnormalif"available"memoryissufficient.2.Swaphelpspreventcrashesonlow-RAMsystemsorduringspikesbutshouldbelimitedonsystemswithampleRAMorSSDstoavoidperformancedeg
Jul 31, 2025 am 12:11 AM
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