Understanding the Linux Boot Process from BIOS to Shell
BIOS/UEFIperformsPOST,selectsbootdevice,andloadsbootloader—BIOSreadsMBRwhileUEFIusesEFISystemPartition.2.Bootloader(GRUB)loadskernelandinitramfsintomemory,allowingkernelselectionorparametereditingbeforeexecution.3.Kernelinitializeshardware,mountsinit
Jul 29, 2025 am 02:24 AM
A Guide to AppArmor for Linux Application Security
AppArmorisaLinuxsecuritymodulethatrestrictsapplicationprivilegestoenhancesystemsecurity.1.Itenforcesmandatoryaccesscontrolsviasecurityprofilesthatdefinepermittedfile,directory,network,andsystemcallaccess.2.Profilesoperateinenforcemode(blockingviolati
Jul 29, 2025 am 02:17 AM
How to Use `sed` and `awk` for Text Processing in Linux
sed and awk are powerful text processing tools in Linux, suitable for efficient text operations under the command line, for log parsing, configuration file editing, and data conversion. 1.sed is used for stream editing, and can perform text replacement (such as s/old/new/replacement for the first time, s/old/new/g global replacement), operate on specific lines (such as 3s/old/new/only line 3, 2,5s/old/new/g lines 2 to 5), delete lines (/^$/d delete empty lines, /error/d delete lines containing error), insert or append text (/start/i\Newlinebefore insert before the match, /end/a\Newlineafter after the match
Jul 29, 2025 am 01:59 AM
A Guide to Setting Up a Mail Server on Linux
First, make sure that the DNS is configured correctly, then install and configure Postfix, Dovecot, MariaDB, SpamAssassin and ClamAV in turn, 1. Set the system host name and DNS record; 2. Install Postfix and configure virtual user support; 3. Install Dovecot and set mail storage and SSL; 4. Deploy SpamAssassin and ClamAV to achieve spam and virus filtering; 5. Test SMTP/IMAP services and continuously monitor logs, and finally ensure that the mail server runs safely and stably by correctly configuring TLS and authentication mechanisms.
Jul 29, 2025 am 01:57 AM
The Best Linux Distributions for Programmers
ThebestLinuxdistrosforprogrammersare:1.Ubuntuforitsbalanceofease-of-useandpowerfuldevelopmentsupportwithextensivedocumentationandcommunitybacking;2.FedoraWorkstationfordevelopersseekingcutting-edgetoolsandstrongcontainer/cloudintegration,especiallyin
Jul 29, 2025 am 01:53 AM
A Guide to Compiling Software from Source on Linux
Compilingfromsourceisnecessarywhensoftwareisn'tinyourdistro'srepository,youneedanewerversion,orwantcustomfeatures;1.Installbuildtoolslikebuild-essentialorbase-develandrequiredlibraries;2.Getsourcecodeviagitortarballfromprojectsites;3.Run./configureor
Jul 29, 2025 am 01:50 AM
Setting up a Postfix Mail Server on a Linux System
InstallPostfixbyupdatingthesystemandselecting"InternetSite"duringsetup,enteringyourdomainasthemailname.2.Configure/etc/postfix/main.cfwithcorrectmyhostname,mydomain,inet_interfaces=loopback-only,andmynetworkstorestrictrelaytolocalhost.3.Res
Jul 29, 2025 am 01:45 AM
Understanding and Using `sudo` on a Linux System
sudo is a security mechanism used in Linux systems to execute commands with high permissions, allowing authorized users to run commands as root without logging into the root account, improving security and auditability. 1.sudo determines user permissions by checking the /etc/sudoers file, and uses the user's own password when authenticating. 2. Users must be added to sudo group (Debian/Ubuntu) or wheel group (RedHat series) before using sudo. 3. The configuration should be done through the sudovisudo command to prevent syntax errors from causing the system to be unable to manage. 4. You can set fine permission rules, such as only allowing restart of specific services. 5. Best practices include following the principle of least permissions and avoiding the use of sud
Jul 29, 2025 am 01:40 AM
How to Use `cURL` for API Testing on Linux
cURLisapowerfulcommand-linetoolforAPItestingonLinux,pre-installedonmostdistributions,enablingdirectinteractionwithwebservices.2.Thebasicsyntaxiscurl[options][URL],withcommonoptionsincluding-XforHTTPmethods,-Hforheaders,-dforrequestbodydata,-itoinclud
Jul 29, 2025 am 01:39 AM
Troubleshooting 'Permission Denied' Errors in Linux
Checkfileanddirectorypermissionsusingls-landfixwithchmodifnecessary;2.Verifyfileownershipandusesudochownorusermodtocorrectit;3.Usesudoonlywhenneededforsystem-levelaccess;4.Checkforread-onlyfilesystemswithmountandremountasread-writeifrequired;5.Inspec
Jul 29, 2025 am 01:38 AM
Troubleshooting Common Network Issues in a Linux Environment
First check the physical connection and interface status, use iplink to ensure that the network card is enabled and obtains the IP correctly; 2. Verify the IP configuration and subnet settings, and confirm whether the IP address and default route are correct through ipaddr and iproute; 3. Test connectivity in steps, ping the local loopback, local IP, gateway and external IP in turn to locate the fault layer; 4. Check DNS resolution, check /etc/resolv.conf or use resolvectl to confirm the DNS server configuration, and use nslookup or dig to test domain name resolution; 5. Check firewall and service interference, check UFW or firewalld status, temporarily close the firewall if necessary and ensure NetworkMan
Jul 29, 2025 am 01:35 AM
How to Set Up a Samba Share on Linux for Windows Interoperability
Install Samba: Use sudoaptinstallsambasamba-common-bin on Ubuntu/Debian, use sudodnfininstallsambasamba-common-tools on CentOS/RHEL/Fedora, and start and enable the smbd service. 2. Configure sharing: Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf file and add sharing definitions at the end, such as [Public]path=/srv/samba/publicbrowseable=yesreadonly=noguestok=yeswritable
Jul 28, 2025 am 02:52 AM
Choosing the Best Linux Distro for Developers in 2024
ThebestLinuxdistributionfordevelopersin2024dependsonindividualneeds,buttopchoicesinclude:1.UbuntuLTSforstability,broadsupport,andenterpriseuse;2.FedoraWorkstationforcutting-edgetoolsandcontainerdevelopment;3.ArchLinuxforfullcustomizationandcontrol,id
Jul 28, 2025 am 02:50 AM
Setting up a Git Server on a Linux Machine
Install Git: Install Git through the package manager on the server and verify the version; 2. Create a dedicated Git user: Use adduser to create a git user and optionally restrict its shell access; 3. Configure developer SSH access: Set the .ssh directory and authorized_keys file for git users, and add the developer's public key; 4. Create a bare repository: Initialize the bare repository on the server and set correct ownership; 5. Client cloning and push: Developer cloning the repository through SSH, submit changes and successfully push code to complete the construction of a private Git server.
Jul 28, 2025 am 02:47 AM
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