Securing Your Linux Server with SSH Key Authentication
SSHkeyauthenticationismoresecurethanpassword-basedloginbecauseitusescryptographickeypairstopreventbrute-forceattacks.1.GenerateanSSHkeypaironyourlocalmachineusingssh-keygen-ted25519-C"your_email@example.com",storetheprivatekeysecurely,andpr
Jul 28, 2025 am 02:24 AM
Understanding Linux Inodes and Their Importance
InodesarecriticalforfilemanagementinLinux,andrunningoutofthemcanpreventfilecreationevenwithfreediskspace;1.Aninodeisadatastructurestoringfilemetadataliketype,permissions,ownership,timestamps,size,anddatablockpointers,butnotthefilename;2.Filenamesarem
Jul 28, 2025 am 02:14 AM
Optimizing Linux System Performance for High-Traffic Servers
To optimize the performance of high-traffic Linux servers, we need to start from six aspects: network, resource limitation, storage, CPU scheduling, application configuration and monitoring. 1. Adjust kernel network parameters: increase connection queue, enable SYNCookies, multiplex TIME-WAIT sockets, optimize TCP buffers and connection tracking to improve concurrency processing capabilities. 2. Improve file descriptor and process limitation: By modifying limits.conf and systemd configurations, set the soft and hard limit to 65536 to avoid the "too many files opened" error. 3. Optimize I/O scheduling and storage: SSD/NVMe uses none or deadline scheduler, and enable noatime and nodiratime when mounting,
Jul 28, 2025 am 02:05 AM
how to check linux kernel version
To view the Linux kernel version, 1. Use the uname-r command to directly display the currently running kernel version; 2. Enter uname-a to view more system information; 3. View detailed information including the compiler version through cat/proc/version; 4. Users of the graphical interface can search in settings or about pages; 5. Use the dpkg or rpm command to list all installed kernel versions.
Jul 28, 2025 am 02:00 AM
How to Set Up and Manage Cron Jobs in Linux
To set up and manage cron tasks in Linux, you must first master the crontab syntax. Each line consists of minutes, hours, days, months, weeks and commands. For example, "02/home/user/backup.sh" means that the backup script is executed at 2 o'clock every day; 1. Use crontab-e to edit tasks, crontab-l to view tasks, and crontab-r to delete all tasks; 2. It is recommended to use time alias such as @reboot, @daily to simplify configuration; 3. The absolute path of commands and scripts must be used to avoid failure due to different PATH environment variables; 4. Redefine through >>/var/log/file.log2>&1
Jul 28, 2025 am 01:57 AM
How to Use `tmux` to Manage Multiple Linux Terminals
Tmux is a terminal multiplexing tool that manages multiple terminal sessions in one window, suitable for remote work, long-term running tasks, and multi-command parallel processing. 1. Installation command: Ubuntu/Debian uses sudoaptinstalltmux, CentOS/RHEL uses sudoyumininstalltmux or sudodnfininstalltmux; 2. Create named session: tmuxnew-smysession; 3. Separate session: Press Ctrl b and then d; 4. List session: tmuxls; 5. Reconnect: tmuxattach-tmysession; 6. Create window: Ctrl bc, switch window
Jul 28, 2025 am 12:54 AM
Configuring a DNS Server on Linux using BIND
Install BIND: Use sudoaptinstallbind9bind9utilsbind9-doc on Ubuntu/Debian, and use sudodnfinstallbind-utils on CentOS/RHEL; 2. Configure global options: Edit named.conf.options file to set allow-query, recursion, forwarders and other parameters to allow local network queries and enable recursive resolution; 3. Set forward region: Add forward region definition in named.conf.loc and create corresponding region file db.example.loc
Jul 28, 2025 am 12:37 AM
How to Build a Linux-Based Home Router and Firewall
TobuildaLinux-basedhomerouterandfirewall,startbyselectingcompatiblehardwarewithatleasttwoEthernetports,installaminimalLinuxdistributionlikeDebian,configurenetworkinterfacesforWANandLAN,enableIPforwardingandNATusingiptables,setupaDHCPserverforautomati
Jul 28, 2025 am 12:36 AM
Best Practices for Managing Logs on a Linux System
Useacentralizedloggingsystembyconfiguringtoolslikersyslog,syslog-ng,ormodernplatformssuchasELKStackorGraylogtoaggregatelogsfrommultipleservers,improvingvisibilityandauditability.2.Rotatelogsregularlyusinglogrotatewithconfigurationsin/etc/logrotate.co
Jul 28, 2025 am 12:33 AM
Understanding Linux File Permissions and Ownership
Linuxfilepermissionsandownershipcontrolaccesstofilessecurely.1)Permissionsaredividedintoread(r),write(w),andexecute(x)forthreeclasses:owner(user),group,andothers.2)Usels-ltoviewpermissionsandownership,where-rw-r--r--meansownerhasread/write,groupandot
Jul 27, 2025 am 02:36 AM
Setting Up a VPN Server on Linux using OpenVPN
TosetupanOpenVPNserveronLinux,firstinstallOpenVPNandEasy-RSAwithsudoaptupdateandsudoaptinstallopenvpneasy-rsa;thencreateaPKIdirectoryandinitializeitwith./easyrsainit-pki;buildaCAusing./easyrsabuild-ca;generatetheservercertificateandkeyvia./easyrsagen
Jul 27, 2025 am 02:34 AM
A Practical Guide to Using `sed` and `awk` in Linux
sed and awk are powerful text processing tools in Linux/Unix systems. sed is used for streaming editing and is suitable for searching, replacing, deleting, inserting and other operations. awk is a complete text processing language, good at field extraction, conditional filtering and data calculation. 1. Common functions of sed include: global replacement text with s/old/new/g, 3s//// replace in the specified line, /pattern/s/// replace in the matching line, d deletes specific lines (such as /^$/d deletes empty lines), i and a insert or append text at the specified position, and the -i parameter can be saved and modified to the file and backed up the original file with -i.bak. 2. Common functions of awk include: {print$1,$3} printing specified columns, -F',' setting points
Jul 27, 2025 am 02:01 AM
How to Configure a High-Availability Linux Cluster
To configure a high-availability Linux cluster, you must first use Pacemaker and Corosync to implement node communication and resource management, and optional DRBD to achieve storage synchronization; 1. Understand that Corosync is responsible for node communication, Pacemaker manages resources, DRBD is used for data mirroring when there is no shared storage, floating IP provides client access portal, and Fencing prevents brain splits; 2. Prepare two Linux servers, set hostnames and network resolution, synchronize time, install pacemaker, pcs, corosync and other packages, enable pcsd service and set the same password for hacluster users; 3. Authenticate and create a cluster between the two nodes, start and enable the cluster and enable the cluster.
Jul 27, 2025 am 01:56 AM
How to Use `strace` and `ltrace` for Debugging Linux Binaries
Strace is used to track system calls, such as file operations, network activities and process creation; 2. ltrace is used to track shared library function calls, such as malloc, printf; 3. Use strace-etrace=open,read,write to debug files or I/O problems; 4. Use ltrace-e "malloc@libc.so*" to locate memory-related errors; 5. The two can be used in combination to associate library calls and system call behavior; 6. It is recommended to track child processes through the -f option and save output with -o to reduce interference; 7. Pay attention to performance overhead and static linkage restrictions on ltrace, but the two are still effective for passive code debugging.
Jul 27, 2025 am 01:51 AM
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