How to redirect standard output and standard error to a file?
The method to redirect stdout and stderr to files in Linux or macOS is to use command>output.log2>&1. The key points include: 1.>Redirect stdout to file; 2.2>&1Let stderr point to the location of stdout; 3. The order must be stdout first and then stderr; if only error information is recorded, please use command2>error.log; if you want to write different files separately, please use command>output.log2>error.log; if you need to add content instead of overwriting, use >&
Jun 24, 2025 am 12:19 AM
What is Git and what is the difference between git pull and git fetch?
gitfetchretrievesremotechangeswithoutmerging,whilegitpullfetchesandmergesautomatically.Usegitfetchtoreviewchangesfirst,especiallyincomplexorteamscenarios,andgitpullforquickupdateswhenconflictsareunlikely.Akeydifferenceisthatgitfetchgivesmorecontrolby
Jun 24, 2025 am 12:19 AM
What is the difference between configuration management and orchestration?
Configurationmanagementensuresindividualsystemsareconsistentlyconfiguredtoadesiredstate,whileorchestrationcoordinatesworkflowsandinteractionsacrossmultipleservices.1.ConfigurationmanagementtoolslikeAnsible,Puppet,andChefenforceidempotencybydefiningsy
Jun 24, 2025 am 12:17 AM
Where are system logs located in Linux?
Logs in Linux systems are usually stored in the /var/log directory, which contains a variety of key log files, such as syslog or messages (record system logs), auth.log (record authentication events), kern.log (record kernel messages), dpkg.log or yum.log (record package operations), boot.log (record startup information); log content can be viewed through cat, tail-f or journalctl commands; application logs are often located in subdirectories under /var/log, such as Apache's apache2 or httpd directory, MySQL log files, etc.; at the same time, it is necessary to note that log permissions usually require s
Jun 24, 2025 am 12:15 AM
How to create a baseline for system performance?
The system performance baseline is the key indicator data of the system in normal operation, and is used for subsequent problem identification and comparison analysis. Its core lies in establishing reference standards that reflect changes in business cycles by collecting indicators such as CPU usage, memory usage, disk IO, and network delay. It is recommended to use top, htop, iostat, Grafana Prometheus or cloud service monitoring tools to collect data, and last for 2 weeks to one month to cover different business periods. When setting thresholds, you should focus on the maximum and quantile values ??based on your own data rather than general rules, and dynamic adjustments should be made in combination with trend analysis to ensure that the baseline effectively guides operation and maintenance decisions.
Jun 24, 2025 am 12:15 AM
What is log rotation and why is it important?
Ifyoudon’trotatelogs,theygrowindefinitely,leadingtodiskspaceexhaustion,sloweranalysis,andsysteminstability.Logrotationworksbyarchiving,compressing,ordeletingoldlogsbasedonruleslikescheduleorfilesize,usingtoolssuchaslogrotate.Youshouldrotatelogsdepend
Jun 24, 2025 am 12:07 AM
4 Useful Commands to Clear Linux Terminal Screen
Just like any other operating system, Linux also supports a rich Graphical User interface (GUI). In fact, it supports multiple graphical desktop environments such as – GNOME, KDE, Cinnamon, and the list goes on.However, most Linux administrators and
Jun 23, 2025 am 10:29 AM
6 Key Performance Metrics to Monitor in Linux Servers
This 4-part series will explain six key performance metrics to monitor in a Linux server. By the end of this series, you will understand what factors in a Linux system you need to look out for that contribute to the overall system performance and als
Jun 23, 2025 am 10:27 AM
How To Install R Programming Language in Linux
R is a widely-used programming language and software environment designed for developing statistical and graphical computing tools within data science. It closely resembles the S programming language and environment, with R serving as an alternative
Jun 23, 2025 am 09:51 AM
Understanding /etc/mtab File Parameters in Linux System
In this article, we will take a closer look at the /etc/mtab file in Linux and examine the different parameters and settings it contains.Understanding the /etc/mtab File in LinuxThe /etc/mtab file is used to list all currently mounted filesystems. An
Jun 23, 2025 am 09:47 AM
How to Install Rocky Linux in VirtualBox on Windows Machine
Rocky Linux 9.1 was officially released on November 22, 2022, and supports x86-64, aarch64, ppc64le, and s390x architectures. Notable changes include: New module stream versions include PHP 8.1, Maven 3.8, Node.JS 18, and Ruby 3.1 to mention a few.
Jun 23, 2025 am 09:31 AM
5 Best Lightweight Linux Distros for Running Containers
Are you looking for a Linux operating system optimized for running containers with minimal footprints, fast boot times, and a focus on security and stability?In this guide, we will review the top lightweight or minimal GNU/Linux distributions to use,
Jun 23, 2025 am 09:25 AM
8 'tee' Command Examples and Usage in Linux
Almost all power users prefer to use the command line interface while interacting with Linux systems. By default, all Linux commands display their output on the standard output stream. However, sometimes we need to store this output in the files for
Jun 23, 2025 am 09:14 AM![How to List and Extract [Unzip] tar.xz File in Linux](https://img.php.cn/upload/article/001/242/473/175064101488346.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,m_fill,h_135,w_240)
How to List and Extract [Unzip] tar.xz File in Linux
A tar.xz file extension shows that the file is a tar archive file compressed using the XZ compression tool. In this guide, we will cover various examples of how to list contests of a tar.xz file, and extract all or specific files or directories in a
Jun 23, 2025 am 09:10 AM
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