When the file system is corrupted, you can try the following methods to solve it in turn: 1. Use the chkdsk command to repair disk errors, run the command prompt as an administrator and enter "chkdsk C: /f /r", and restart may be required after execution; 2. If you cannot enter the system, you can boot through the Windows installation media and use repair tools, such as the bootrec command to rebuild the boot; 3. Try system restoration, provided that the system protection function is enabled and there is a restore point; 4. If the above is invalid, check hardware problems, use tools such as CrystalDiskInfo to detect the health of the hard disk, and consider formatting or replacing the hard disk after backing up the data. The entire process should be avoided and data security should be given priority.

When the system prompts "file system is damaged", many people's first reaction is that they are panicked. In fact, this problem is not that scary. In most cases, it can be solved through the tools that come with Windows. The key is that the method must be correct.

Scan and fix disk errors with chkdsk

This is the most common way to deal with it, and it is suitable for file system corruption in system disk or external devices (USSD, hard disk, etc.).
Open a command prompt (run as administrator) and enter the following command:

 chkdsk C: /f /r

Where C is the drive letter you want to check, /f means fixing the error, and /r means restoring the bad sector. After execution, the system may prompt you to restart and run. At this time, enter Y and press Enter.

Note: Do not interrupt this process at will, especially when operating the system disk, power outage or forced shutdown may lead to data loss.

Start the repair tool (for scenarios where the system cannot be accessed normally)

If your computer cannot enter the system due to the file system being damaged, you can try to install a USB drive or restore the environment to repair it.

1. Insert the installation media and boot from it.
2. After selecting the language, click "Repair Computer".
3. Go to "Troubleshooting → Advanced Options → Command Prompt".
4. Run chkdsk C: /f /r again or use bootrec /rebuildbcd , bootrec /fixmbr and other commands to fix boot problems.

This step is suitable for people with certain hands-on ability. If you are not sure whether the operation is correct, it is recommended to perform it after checking the information and confirming it.

Restore to an early state using the system restore point

If the above method is invalid, or if you suspect that some software has been installed recently caused a system exception, you can consider falling back through system restore.

1. Start the system in safe mode.
2. Open "Control Panel → Recover" and click "Open System Restore".
3. Follow the prompts to select a restore point and perform the restore operation.

The premise of this method is that you have enabled the system protection function before and have available restore points. If you haven't set it up, this step won't help.

What to do if the file system is seriously damaged?

Sometimes, if you have tried all the above methods, you still can't do it. At this time, you have to consider whether there is a hardware problem, such as aging of hard drives and increasing bad channels. You can use the manufacturer's detection tools (such as CrystalDiskInfo) to view the health of the hard disk.

• If it's just a partition that is corrupted, you can try backing up important data and reformatting the partition.
• If there is a problem with the entire system disk, you may need to replace the hard disk and reinstall the system.

In this case, the most important thing is not to repair the disk, but to save the data first. If you can backup, backup first and then decide how to deal with the hardware.

Basically these are the methods. Don't worry if you encounter file system corruption. Try chkdsk first, then see if you can enter the system, and finally consider changing the hardware. Some problems look scary, but they can be solved by following the steps.

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