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描述
從注冊(cè)表中提取圖像或存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)
用法
docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
選項(xiàng)
名稱，簡(jiǎn)寫 | 默認(rèn) | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
--all-tags，-a | false | 下載存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)中的所有標(biāo)記圖像 |
--disable-content-trust | true | 跳過圖像驗(yàn)證 |
父命令
命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
docker | Docker CLI的基本命令。 |
擴(kuò)展描述
大部分圖像將在Docker Hub注冊(cè)表的基礎(chǔ)圖像上創(chuàng)建。
Docker Hub包含許多預(yù)構(gòu)建的圖像，您無需定義和配置自己的圖像即可進(jìn)行嘗試pull。
要下載特定圖像或一組圖像（即存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)），請(qǐng)使用docker pull。
代理配置
如果你是后面的HTTP代理服務(wù)器，例如在公司的設(shè)置，前打開一個(gè)連接到注冊(cè)表，您可能需要配置多克守護(hù)進(jìn)程的代理設(shè)置，使用HTTP_PROXY，HTTPS_PROXY和NO_PROXY環(huán)境變量。要在使用的主機(jī)上設(shè)置這些環(huán)境變量systemd，請(qǐng)參閱控制并使用systemd配置Docker以獲取變量配置。
并發(fā)下載
默認(rèn)情況下，Docker守護(hù)進(jìn)程將一次拉出三層圖像。如果您使用的是低帶寬連接，則可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致超時(shí)問題，您可能需要通過--max-concurrent-downloads守護(hù)進(jìn)程選項(xiàng)降低此問題。有關(guān)更多詳細(xì)信息，請(qǐng)參閱守護(hù)程序文檔。
實(shí)例
從Docker Hub中提取圖像
要下載特定圖像或一組圖像（即存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)），請(qǐng)使用docker pull。如果未提供標(biāo)簽，則Docker Engine將該:latest標(biāo)簽用作默認(rèn)標(biāo)簽。該命令會(huì)拉出debian:latest圖像：
$ docker pull debian Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/debian fdd5d7827f33: Pull complete a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e7d38b3517548a1c71e41bffe9c8ae6d6d29546ce46bf62159837aad072c90aa Status: Downloaded newer image for debian:latest
Docker映像可以由多個(gè)圖層組成。在上面的例子中，圖像由兩層組成，fdd5d7827f33和a3ed95caeb02。
圖層可以重復(fù)使用圖層。例如，debian:jessie圖像與兩個(gè)圖層共享debian:latest。debian:jessie因此，拉取圖像只會(huì)拉取其元數(shù)據(jù)，而不是其圖層，因?yàn)樗袌D層都已經(jīng)存在于本地：
$ docker pull debian:jessie jessie: Pulling from library/debian fdd5d7827f33: Already exists a3ed95caeb02: Already exists Digest: sha256:a9c958be96d7d40df920e7041608f2f017af81800ca5ad23e327bc402626b58e Status: Downloaded newer image for debian:jessie
要查看本地存在哪些圖像，請(qǐng)使用以下docker images命令：
$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE debian jessie f50f9524513f 5 days ago 125.1 MB debian latest f50f9524513f 5 days ago 125.1 MB
Docker使用內(nèi)容可尋址的圖像存儲(chǔ)，圖像ID是一個(gè)涵蓋圖像配置和圖層的SHA256摘要。在上面的例子中，debian:jessie并且debian:latest具有相同的圖像ID，因?yàn)樗鼈儗?shí)際上是用不同名稱標(biāo)記的相同圖像。由于它們是相同的圖像，因此它們的圖層只能存儲(chǔ)一次，并且不會(huì)占用額外的磁盤空間。
有關(guān)圖像，圖層和內(nèi)容尋址存儲(chǔ)的更多信息，請(qǐng)參閱了解圖像，容器和存儲(chǔ)驅(qū)動(dòng)程序。
通過digest（不可變標(biāo)識(shí)符）提取圖像
到目前為止，您已經(jīng)通過名稱（和“tag”）來拉取圖片。使用名稱和標(biāo)簽是處理圖像的便捷方式。使用標(biāo)簽時(shí)，您可以docker pull再次使用圖片，以確保您擁有該圖片的最新版本。例如，docker pull ubuntu:14.04拉取最新版本的Ubuntu 14.04映像。
在某些情況下，您不希望將圖像更新為新版本，但更喜歡使用固定版本的圖像。Docker使您能夠通過摘要來提取圖像。當(dāng)通過拉動(dòng)摘要的圖像，你指定確切的圖像的版本，拉其。這樣做，可讓您將圖像“釘”到該版本，并確保您使用的圖像始終保持不變。
要知道圖像的摘要，請(qǐng)先拉取圖像。讓我們ubuntu:14.04從Docker Hub中提取最新的圖像：
$ docker pull ubuntu:14.0414.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu 5a132a7e7af1: Pull complete fd2731e4c50c: Pull complete 28a2f68d1120: Pull complete a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete Digest: sha256:45b23dee08af5e43a7fea6c4cf9c25ccf269ee113168c19722f87876677c5cb2 Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:14.04
在pull完成后，Docker會(huì)打印圖像的摘要。在上面的例子中，圖像的摘要是：
sha256:45b23dee08af5e43a7fea6c4cf9c25ccf269ee113168c19722f87876677c5cb2
在推送到注冊(cè)表時(shí)，Docker還會(huì)打印圖像的摘要。如果您想固定您剛剛推送的圖像版本，這可能會(huì)很有用。
當(dāng)摘取圖片時(shí)摘要代替標(biāo)簽，例如，通過摘要拉出上面的圖片，運(yùn)行以下命令：
$ docker pull ubuntu@sha256:45b23dee08af5e43a7fea6c4cf9c25ccf269ee113168c19722f87876677c5cb2 sha256:45b23dee08af5e43a7fea6c4cf9c25ccf269ee113168c19722f87876677c5cb2: Pulling from library/ubuntu 5a132a7e7af1: Already exists fd2731e4c50c: Already exists 28a2f68d1120: Already exists a3ed95caeb02: Already exists Digest: sha256:45b23dee08af5e43a7fea6c4cf9c25ccf269ee113168c19722f87876677c5cb2 Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu@sha256:45b23dee08af5e43a7fea6c4cf9c25ccf269ee113168c19722f87876677c5cb2
摘要也可以在FROMDockerfile中使用，例如：
FROM ubuntu@sha256:45b23dee08af5e43a7fea6c4cf9c25ccf269ee113168c19722f87876677c5cb2 MAINTAINER some maintainer <maintainer@example.com>
注意：使用此功能可以及時(shí)將圖像“釘”到特定版本。因此，Docker不會(huì)提取圖像的更新版本，其中可能包含安全更新。如果你想拉一個(gè)更新的圖像，你需要相應(yīng)地更改摘要。
從不同的注冊(cè)表中提取
默認(rèn)情況下，docker pull從Docker Hub中提取圖像。也可以手動(dòng)指定要從中注冊(cè)的注冊(cè)表路徑。例如，如果您已設(shè)置本地注冊(cè)表，則可以指定其路徑以從中取消注冊(cè)。注冊(cè)表路徑類似于URL，但不包含協(xié)議說明符（https://）。
以下命令testing/test-image從偵聽端口5000（myregistry.local:5000）的本地注冊(cè)表中獲取圖像：
$ docker pull myregistry.local:5000/testing/test-image
注冊(cè)表憑證由docker登錄管理。
Docker使用https://協(xié)議與注冊(cè)表進(jìn)行通信，除非允許通過不安全的連接訪問注冊(cè)表。有關(guān)更多信息，請(qǐng)參閱不安全的注冊(cè)表部分。
使用多個(gè)圖像拉取一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)
默認(rèn)情況下，docker pull拉一單從注冊(cè)表圖像。存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)可以包含多個(gè)圖像。要從存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)中提取所有圖像，請(qǐng)?jiān)谑褂脮r(shí)提供-a（或--all-tags）選項(xiàng)docker pull。
此命令從fedora儲(chǔ)存庫(kù)：
$ docker pull --all-tags fedora Pulling repository fedora ad57ef8d78d7: Download complete 105182bb5e8b: Download complete 511136ea3c5a: Download complete 73bd853d2ea5: Download complete....Status: Downloaded newer image for fedora
拉動(dòng)完成后，使用該docker images命令查看拉出的圖像。以下示例顯示了fedora本地存在的所有圖像：
$ docker images fedora REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE fedora rawhide ad57ef8d78d7 5 days ago 359.3 MB fedora 20 105182bb5e8b 5 days ago 372.7 MB fedora heisenbug 105182bb5e8b 5 days ago 372.7 MB fedora latest 105182bb5e8b 5 days ago 372.7 MB
取消拉
docker pull例如通過CTRL-c在終端中運(yùn)行時(shí)按下該進(jìn)程來終止拉取操作。
$ docker pull fedora Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/fedora a3ed95caeb02: Pulling fs layer 236608c7b546: Pulling fs layer^C
注意：從技術(shù)上講，當(dāng)Docker引擎守護(hù)程序和啟動(dòng)引發(fā)的Docker引擎客戶端之間的連接丟失時(shí)，引擎會(huì)終止一次pull操作。如果與引擎守護(hù)進(jìn)程的連接由于其他原因（而不是手動(dòng)交互）而丟失，則拉也會(huì)中止。