How to password protect a file or folder in Linux?
File or folder encryption can be achieved through a variety of tools in Linux. 1. Use zip to encrypt folders: zip-r-P password to package the original folder, and it is safer to enter passwords interactively; 2. Encrypt a single file with gpg: generate an encrypted file with gpg-c file name, and decryption requires gpg-o original file-d to encrypt the file; 3. Encrypt the entire directory: after installation, create an encrypted mount point, and automatically encrypt the write content after setting the password, and the file is unreadable after uninstallation; 4. Other tools such as 7z and VeraCrypt are suitable for packaging encryption and virtual encryption disk scenarios respectively. The right approach can be selected based on security, long-term use and cross-platform needs.
Jul 17, 2025 am 04:09 AM
Is Linux more secure than other operating systems?
Linux is generally considered safer than Windows and macOS, but not absolutely immune. Its security advantages stem from design, user habits and usage methods. First, Linux desktop has a small market share and is less attacked, but we still need to be wary of the risk of improper server configuration; second, the default strong permission model limits the operational permissions of ordinary users and reduces the harm of malware; in addition, open source features enable vulnerabilities to be quickly discovered and fixed, but rely on community maintenance quality; finally, system security also depends on user configuration and usage habits, such as updating software, avoiding arbitrary installation of packages and reasonably setting up SSH access. So while Linux is more secure in design, it is still crucial to use it correctly.
Jul 17, 2025 am 04:08 AM
What is the Linux filesystem hierarchy?
The Linux file system hierarchy is a standardized directory organization method used to standardize the storage location of files and resources. 1. The root directory (/) is the starting point of the entire system, and all other directories are mounted here; 2./bin stores basic commands for ordinary users, and /sbin stores administrator commands, both are still available in single-user mode; 3./etc saves the configuration files of the system and services, such as /etc/passwd, /etc/hosts, etc.; 4./home is the home directory of ordinary users, and /root is the home directory of super users; 5./dev contains device files, representing hardware devices; 6./proc and /sys provide dynamic information of the kernel, hardware and processes; 7./tmp and /var/
Jul 17, 2025 am 04:07 AM
What is the purpose of the /proc filesystem?
The /proc file system is a virtual file system in Linux that is used to view the kernel running status in real time, providing process and system information. It is not stored on disk, but resides in memory, and the content changes dynamically with the process running and system state. Each process has a directory named after its PID under /proc, including cmdline, status, fd and other files, which record the startup command, status summary and open file descriptors respectively, for easy debugging and monitoring. In addition, /proc also provides system-level information, such as /proc/cpuinfo displays CPU details, /proc/meminfo displays memory usage, /proc/version views kernel version, /proc/load
Jul 17, 2025 am 04:07 AM
How to check my IP address in Linux?
Use ipaddrhow to view all network card IP information, or ipa abbreviation commands; 2. Use ipaddrhoweth0 to view specific network card information; 3. Use hostname-I to quickly obtain all IPv4 addresses; 4. The graphical interface can be viewed in the network settings. It is recommended to use the IP command first. Hostname can be used in the script, and the graphical interface is suitable for desktop users.
Jul 17, 2025 am 04:05 AM
How to copy a file or folder in Linux?
Copying files or folders in Linux is mainly done through the CP command. 1. When copying a single file, use the target path of the cp source file. If you do not want to overwrite the existing files, you can add the -i parameter to ask for confirmation. 2. The -r parameter is required to copy the folder to achieve recursive copying, such as the target path of the cp-r source directory. 3. Keep file attributes available with -p parameters, or use archive mode -a to retain permissions, timestamps and other metadata. 4. Common techniques include adding -v to display the detailed process, completing the file name with the Tab key, copying multiple files to the same directory at once, and using sudo to increase permissions when copying across users. Mastering these parameters can effectively avoid misoperation and data loss.
Jul 17, 2025 am 04:05 AM
How would you troubleshoot a server with high CPU usage?
If the server CPU usage rate is too high, first check the processes in top or htop to see if any abnormal processes occupy high resources; secondly, use sar or mpstat to analyze historical trends; then review the application log to check code or query problems; then consider the impact of system level such as number of processes, swap memory, etc.; finally take measures such as restarting services, optimizing code or expanding capacity to solve them. 1. Run top/htop to identify high CPU processes; 2. Use sar/mpstat to analyze time trends; 3. Check log positioning application problems; 4. Troubleshoot system-level problems; 5. Perform repair operations.
Jul 17, 2025 am 04:04 AM
how to switch user in linux terminal
There are three main ways to switch users on Linux terminals. 1. To switch users using the su command, such as su or sujane, you need to enter the target user password. 2. Use sudosu to switch to root or other users, and the current user needs to have sudo permissions. 3. Remotely log in to the specified user through sshjane@host, the target user credentials or keys are required. Just select the appropriate method according to the usage scenario.
Jul 17, 2025 am 04:00 AM
How to customize the Linux terminal?
Linux terminals can improve user experience through personalized settings. Specific methods include: 1. Modify the color theme, adjust the PS1 variable in the .bashrc or .zshrc file, or use toolkit such as oh-my-zsh to change the color scheme; 2. Customize the prompt format, you can add information such as the current path, time, Git branch, etc., such as using colors to distinguish username, hostname and path, or display time before the prompt; 3. Install plug-in enhancements, such as automatic completion, syntax highlighting, quick jump directory provided by oh-my-zsh; 4. Set aliases to simplify the input of common commands, such as setting "gitstatus" to "gs", or setting "ls-la" to "ll", or
Jul 17, 2025 am 03:36 AM
What is the difference between cat, tac, and less?
cat is used to quickly view or merge file contents, and tac starts to display files in reverse order from the end, which is less suitable for browsing large files on pages. cat is suitable for small file viewing, file merging or redirecting output; tac is suitable for scenarios where files need to be read in reverse order, such as log analysis; less supports scrolling, searching and screen-by-screen viewing, which is suitable for processing large files. The three are often used in combination with pipelines to give full play to their respective advantages.
Jul 17, 2025 am 03:06 AM
What is the difference between a Deployment and a StatefulSet?
Use Deployment to manage stateless applications and use StatefulSet to manage stateful applications. 1.Deployment is suitable for applications that do not require stable identity or persistent data. It supports rolling updates and rollbacks. Pod names are randomly generated and interchangeable; 2. StatefulSet is suitable for applications that require unique identity and persistent storage, such as database clusters, where Pods are named in order and updated in an orderly manner.
Jul 17, 2025 am 02:28 AM
how to move a file in linux
The way to move files in Linux is to use the mv command. The basic format for moving files using the mv command is: mv source file path target path, such as mvfile.txt/home/user/Documents/; if the target file already exists and needs to be confirmed whether it is overwritten, add the parameter -i to display the movement process, add -v, only when the source file is updated or the target does not exist; move multiple files only need to list all files after the command, and the last one is the target path; move the directory with -r parameters to recursively process; precautions include using sudo when there is insufficient permissions, ensuring that the target path exists, and moving across partitions may affect the speed, and unsure operations can use -n parameter tests.
Jul 17, 2025 am 12:56 AM
How to get help for a command in Linux?
There are four ways to obtain command help in Linux: First, use --help to view basic usage, which is suitable for quickly understanding common options and parameters of commands; second, use man to view the complete man page, providing detailed command descriptions and examples; third, use info to view structured help, which is suitable for information navigation of complex commands such as gcc and make; fourth, refer to network resources and communities, such as Linux China, StackOverflow and other platforms to obtain Chinese materials or solve specific problems. It is recommended for beginners to master it step by step from --help and man.
Jul 17, 2025 am 12:55 AM
How to Install Apache Nifi in Ubuntu Linux
Apache NIFI is an open-source scalable tool to manage transformation, data routing, and system mediation logic. To put it in layman’s terms nifi simply automates the flow of data between two or more systems. It is cross-platform and written in Java t
Jul 16, 2025 am 09:26 AM
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