What is a case statement in shell scripting?
Acasestatementinshellscriptingisacontrolstructureusedtotestavariableagainstmultiplepatternsandexecutecorrespondingcodeblocks.Itoffersacleanerandmoreefficientalternativetolengthyif-then-elifchains.1)Eachpatterncanbealiteral,wildcard,orshorthandlike[0-
Jul 16, 2025 am 02:09 AM
How to handle command-line arguments in a shell script?
Shell scripts can handle command line parameters through location access, option resolution, and default values. First, use $1, $2, etc. to obtain positional parameters, ${10} handles more than 9 parameters, and "$@" keeps spaces; second, use getopts to process options such as -f, -l, and use case to match and OPTARG to capture the values; finally, provide default values such as name=${1:-"Guest"} or manually parse key-value pairs such as --name=John, and pay attention to reference, shift control and error handling to ensure flexibility and security.
Jul 16, 2025 am 02:09 AM
What is Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD)?
Continuous Integration (CI) is the frequent merger of code and verifies quality through automated testing. Continuous Deployment (CD) is the automatic deployment of tested code to a production environment. The core of CI is "frequent merger and automated inspections". Each submission triggers an automation process, including pulling code, installing dependencies, running tests and static analysis, ensuring that problems are discovered in a timely manner. CDs are automatically launched based on CI. Common steps include building deployment packages, uploading them to the platform, and executing deployment scripts. Implementing CI/CD can be gradually expanded to the complete process by selecting the appropriate tool and simple testing.
Jul 16, 2025 am 01:55 AM
How to dual boot Linux and Windows safely?
The key to installing a dual system lies in safe operation and correct order. ① First compress the unallocated space in Windows, back up the data and ensure the power supply is stable; ② Always install Windows first and then Linux to avoid GRUB being overwritten; ③ Ensure that the BIOS/UEFI modes of the two systems are consistent to prevent boot confusion; ④ If you cannot enter the system after installation, you can use grub-install or BootRepair to repair GRUB; ⑤ Manually adjust the order of BIOS startup items if necessary to solve the problem.
Jul 16, 2025 am 01:50 AM
How to install linux on mac
When installing Linux on Mac, you need to pay attention to boot disk production, partitioning and chip architecture adaptation. First, download the ISO image adapted to ARM or Intel architecture and write it to the USB disk with balenaEtcher; then make free independent space for Linux through disk tools in macOS; ensure that the driver is compatible and the boot program is correctly installed during installation; finally, the system can be updated, the driver is installed and the development environment can be configured to improve the user experience.
Jul 16, 2025 am 01:39 AM
How to write idempotent shell scripts?
The core of writing an idempotent shell script is to ensure that the results are consistent no matter how many times you run, the key is to "check first and then do it". 1. Check the status and then operate, such as determining whether it exists before creating a user or directory; 2. You can optionally use lock files to control the execution frequency and handle exceptions; 3. Avoid side effects commands, use overwrite instead of appendages, and handle delete operations with caution; 4. Use tools to simplify logic, such as mkdir-p, ln-sf, etc. to make the script more stable.
Jul 16, 2025 am 01:09 AM
What is an inode and what information does it store?
InodesaredatastructuresinUnix-likesystemsthatstoremetadataaboutfilesordirectories.Theycontainfiletype,permissions,ownerandgroupIDs,size,timestamps(atime,mtime,ctime),linkcount,pointerstodatablocks,andextendedattributes.1.Inodesuniquelyidentifyfilesvi
Jul 16, 2025 am 01:09 AM
What is a Docker network and what are the default network types?
There are three default types for Docker networks: bridge, host, and none. Bridge is the default network, allowing containers on the same host to communicate through internal IP, but does not support automatic DNS resolution; host allows containers to share the host network stack, improving performance but reducing security; none completely disconnects the container network, suitable for tasks without network requirements or security-sensitive.
Jul 16, 2025 am 12:26 AM
What is a Pod in Kubernetes?
ApodinKubernetesisthesmallestdeployableunit,wrappingoneormorecontainersthatsharethesamelifecycle,network,andstorage.1.Apodcontainscontainers,sharedstorage(volumes),andauniquenetworkIP.2.Containerswithinapodsharethesamehostname,communicatevialocalhost
Jul 16, 2025 am 12:15 AM
LFCA: How to Improve Linux System Security – Part 20
As we all know, the root user is king and wields unlimited privileges over the Linux system. However non-root users are limited to basic tasks. In addition, sudo users are only granted a certain degree of root privileges as deemed fit by the root use
Jul 15, 2025 am 09:25 AM
LFCA: How to Improve Linux Network Security – Part 19
In today’s hyper-connected world, network security has become a critical concern for organizations that dedicate significant time and resources to safeguarding their systems. A company's network serves as the foundation of its IT infrastructure, conn
Jul 15, 2025 am 09:24 AM
Kali Linux 2020.2 Released - Download DVD ISO Images
Kali Linux (formerly known as BackTrack Linux) announced the release of Kali Linux Version 2021.1 on February 24th, 2021. Kali Linux is a Debian-based distribution specially focused on penetration testing and digital forensics use. From Project Page
Jul 15, 2025 am 09:21 AM
Lynis 2.5.5 Released - Security Auditing and Scanning Tool for Linux Systems
Lynis is an open-source and much powerful auditing tool for Unix/Linux-like operating systems. It scans the system for security information, general system information, installed and available software information, configuration mistakes, security is
Jul 15, 2025 am 09:20 AM
AlmaLinux 8.5 Released – Download DVD ISO Images
Built by CloudLinux to address the void left by CentOS 8, AlmaLinux emerges as a much-needed alternative for production environments after RedHat shifted the direction of the CentOS project.You're likely familiar with RedHat's controversial decision
Jul 15, 2025 am 09:18 AM
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