Linux can run on modest hardware with specific minimum requirements. A 1 GHz processor (x86 or x86_64) is needed, with a dual-core CPU recommended. RAM should be at least 512 MB for command-line use or 2 GB for desktop environments. Disk space requires a minimum of 5–10 GB, though 25 GB is better for additional software. Basic integrated graphics are sufficient, with some needing 3D support. Common supported architectures include x86 (32-bit), x86_64 (64-bit), and ARM. For installation, a 4 GB USB drive is typically required, though DVDs or network boot are alternatives. Partitioning includes a 15–20 GB root partition, swap space equal to or double RAM size, and an optional home partition. Some distros offer automatic partitioning, while others allow manual setup.

If you're thinking about installing Linux, the good news is that it's pretty lightweight compared to other operating systems. You don’t need the latest high-end hardware to get it running smoothly. That said, there are some basic system requirements you should be aware of before diving in.

Minimum Hardware Requirements

Most modern Linux distributions can run on relatively modest hardware. Here’s a general idea of what you’ll need:

• Processor (CPU): At least a 1 GHz processor (x86 or x86_64). Newer distros usually recommend a dual-core CPU for better performance.
• Memory (RAM): For a minimal command-line system, 512 MB might be enough, but for a full desktop environment like GNOME or KDE, aim for at least 2 GB or more.
• Disk Space: A basic installation can take as little as 5–10 GB, but if you plan to install additional software and updates, go for at least 25 GB.
• Graphics: Most distros work fine with basic integrated graphics. Some may require 3D acceleration support for full desktop effects.

If you’re installing Linux on an older machine, even something from the early 2010s should handle most distributions without issues.

Supported Architectures

Linux supports a wide range of hardware architectures, not just your standard PC setup. The most common ones are:

• x86 (32-bit): Older PCs used this, but many newer distros are moving away from 32-bit support.
• x86_64 (64-bit): This is the standard for most modern computers.
• ARM: Popular for single-board computers like Raspberry Pi.

Make sure to download the correct version of the distro that matches your architecture. If you're unsure, 64-bit is safe for most modern laptops and desktops.

Bootable Media and Installation Options

Before installing, you’ll need a way to boot into the Linux installer. Here’s what’s typically used:

• USB Drive: A minimum of 4 GB is usually required, though some distros may need more depending on their size.
• DVD or CD: Less common these days due to smaller storage limits.
• Network Boot (PXE): Useful in enterprise or lab environments.

You can use tools like Rufus (on Windows) or dd (on Linux/macOS) to create a bootable USB drive. Once created, make sure your BIOS or UEFI settings allow booting from USB.

Partitioning and Disk Setup

Linux has specific partitioning needs, especially if you're dual-booting or starting fresh. Here are a few things to consider:

• Root (/) Partition: This is where the OS lives. A minimum of 15–20 GB is recommended.
• Swap Space: Acts like virtual memory. Usually equal to or double your RAM size, though less is fine if you have plenty of RAM.
• Home (/home) Partition (optional): Keeps your personal files separate from the OS, which helps when reinstalling or upgrading.

Some distros offer automatic partitioning during installation, while others give you full control. If you're new, stick with the default unless you have specific needs.

That’s basically all you need to know to get started. It’s not super strict, but it’s worth checking your hardware against your chosen distro’s specs before jumping in.

The above is the detailed content of System requirements to install linux. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!