To write a custom Go code linter, the key is to use Go toolchain and AST analysis to implement code specification checks. 1. Determine the inspection target, such as prohibiting specific function calls, field tag checking, naming methods or repeated string constants, and analyze the corresponding AST nodes based on this; 2. Use go/analysis to build a framework, define the Analyzer structure, and traverse the AST nodes in the run function, use inspect.Inspect and pass.Reportf to implement detection and reporting; 3. Write tests and local debugging, perform assertion verification through the testdata directory and analysistest package, and compile it into command-line tools for debugging and integration; 4. Integrate into the development process, add CI, support gopls, publish as modules, and may need to support the JSON output format so that the IDE can display error messages.
Writing a custom Go code linter is actually not mysterious. It essentially uses the capabilities already in the Go toolchain to implement your own code specification checks. As long as you understand Go's AST and some basic tools usage, you can get started quickly.
Let’s start from several practical perspectives and talk about how to write a linter that can run and be used step by step.
1. Determine your inspection target
Before you start, think clearly about what type of code problems you want to detect. for example:
- Is there a specific function that is prohibited to call (such as
fmt.Println) - Is there no tag added to some structure fields
- Is it a deprecated naming method?
- Whether there are duplicate string constants and other logical judgments
These questions determine which parts of the AST you need to analyze. For example, if you want to check whether a function is called, you need to pay attention to ast.CallExpr node; if it is a field tag, look at ast.StructType and the field Tag fields.
suggestion:
- Start small and do a simple rule verification process to run
- Don't pursue complex logic from the beginning, it's easy to get stuck in the debugging stage
2. Build the framework using go/analysis
Go officially provides a standard analysis framework golang.org/x/tools/go/analysis , which is the most recommended way to write linter.
You can refer to the working mode of go vet , encapsulate your check logic into an Analyzer , and then run it through the command line.
A typical Analyzer structure is as follows:
var Analysis = &analysis.Analyzer{
Name: "mylinter",
Doc: "check for something",
Run: run,
} Then process the AST of each file in the run function.
Key points:
- Use
inspect.Inspectto traverse AST nodes - Register
factto pass information across packages (if required) - Report problems using
pass.Reportf, which can bring location information and prompt text
3. Write tests and local debugging
It’s not enough to just finish writing, you have to verify whether your rules are in effect. A few things to do:
- Write a small testdata directory and put a few
.gofiles as test cases - Use
unitestanalysistestto make assertions (fromgolang.org/x/tools/go/analysis/analysistest)
For example:
func TestMyLinter(t *testing.T) {
testdata := analysistest.TestData()
analysistest.Run(t, testdata, myanalyzer.Analyzer, "a")
}This way you can automatically verify the effect after every modification.
Tips:
- During debugging, the entire Analyzer can be compiled into a binary command line tool and directly executed on the project
- Use
go installorgo runto load your linter, and use the-vettoolparameter to integrate into the IDE
4. Integrate into the development process
After writing it, it is necessary to integrate it to make it work:
- Join the CI process and run it automatically before submitting
- Support
goplsto allow your linter to report errors in real time in the editor - If you use it with multiple people in the team, it is best to publish it as a module or a private repo for easy installation and use
Notice:
- If you want the IDE to display errors, you may need to support
jsonoutput format - Some IDEs (such as VSCode) can enable your linter by configuring
"go.toolsEnvVars"
Basically that's it. Writing a custom linter is not difficult, the key is to understand AST and how to inject your checking logic. Don’t think about getting it in one step at first, run first.
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