In Go, the correct way to traverse string characters is to use for range. 1. Using for range to traverse strings is the safest way, which automatically decodes UTF-8 and returns characters of type rune; 2. If you need to operate the original byte, you can convert the string into byte slice traversal, but this method is not suitable for non-ASCII characters; 3. When you want to obtain the logical position of the character, you can manually maintain the index variable implementation.
In Go, iterating over characters in strings is not as simple as it seems. Because Go strings are stored in UTF-8 encoding, accessing them directly with indexes may lead to incorrect results. If you just want to process string content one character by one, then using for range is the safest and most common way to do it.
Use for range to traverse characters
The recommended way in Go is to use for range to iterate over strings. This method automatically decodes UTF-8 characters and returns the value of each iteration as rune :
s := "Hello, world"
for _, char := range s {
fmt.Printf("%c\n", char)
} This way you can get every Unicode character correctly. Note that the variable char is of type rune , not byte or int32 , but you can treat it as a character.
Tips: If you don't care about indexing, you can use
_it. This writing is simpler when you only care about the characters themselves.
If you have to operate bytes...
Sometimes you want to operate on the original byte stream (such as network transmission, file reading and writing). At this time, you can convert the string into byte slices and then traverse:
s := "hello"
for i := 0; i < len(s); i {
fmt.Printf("%c\n", s[i])
}But be aware: this method is traversed by bytes. For non-ASCII characters (such as Chinese), a character will be split into multiple bytes, and the printed result may not be understood. So unless you are sure that the string is all ASCII characters, it is not recommended to use this .
Want to know the character position at the same time?
If you want to know not only the character itself, but also the "logical position" (in characters, not bytes) in the string, you can maintain an index yourself to implement it:
s := "Hello world"
index := 0
for _, char := range s {
fmt.Printf("char %c in position %d\n", char, index)
index
} index output in this way is incremented based on the number of characters, not the number of bytes. This is more useful for scenarios where character positions need to be positioned, such as cursor position calculation in text editors.
Basically that's it. Go's string processing is designed to be quite clear, and as long as you remember it is a UTF-8 encoding priority language, you won't go astray. When encountering string traversal problems, give priority to for range . Other methods can be used flexibly according to actual needs.
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