Golang's template package is a powerful tool for handling text templates, especially suitable for generating HTML pages or configuration files. 1. The basic usage includes defining templates and passing in data to perform rendering, supporting the definition of templates through strings or files; 2. Template nesting and reusing can be used to organize and share page structures by defining basic templates and sub-templates; 3. Control structures such as if judgment and range loops can be used for dynamic content generation, and comparison operations require function forms; 4. HTML templates (html/template) and text templates (text/template) should be selected according to their purpose. The former automatically escapes HTML special characters to prevent XSS attacks, which are suitable for web development.
Golang's template package is a powerful tool for handling text templates, especially suitable for generating HTML pages or configuration files. It is not only safe and flexible, but also works well with structured data.
1. Basic usage: define the template and execute it
Using templates in Go is usually divided into two steps: defining the template content and passing in data to perform rendering .
You can define the template content through strings or files. Here is a simple example:
package main
import (
"os"
"text/template"
)
func main() {
const letter = "Dear {{.Name}}, your account has been successfully recharged {{.Amount}}.
type User struct {
Name string
Amount float64
}
data := User{
Name: "Zhang San",
Amount: 100.5,
}
t := template.Must(template.New("letter").Parse(letter))
_ = t.Execute(os.Stdout, data)
}The above code will output:
Dear Zhang San, your account has been successfully recharged 100.5 yuan.
-
{{.Name}}is the way to refer variables in template syntax. -
.data object representing the current context. - The
Executemethod injects data into the template and outputs the result.
2. Template nesting and reuse: Organizing more complex structures
When you need to build multiple pages, such as a website's different pages share the header or sidebar, you can use Template Inheritance .
For example, first define a base template base.html :
<!-- base.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>{{ block "title" . }}Default title{{ end }}</title>
</head>
<body>
{{ template "content" . }}
</body>
</html> Then define the sub-template home.html to overwrite the content blocks in it:
<!-- home.html -->
{{ define "title" }}Homepage - My website {{ end }}
{{ define "content" }}
<h1>Welcome to my website</h1>
<p>This is the home page content. </p>
{{ end }}Load these two templates in Go code:
t := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("base.html", "home.html"))
_ = t.ExecuteTemplate(os.Stdout, "base", nil)This approach is great for building maintainable web structures and avoiding duplicate code.
3. Control structure: conditional judgment and cycle
Go templates support basic control structures, such as if judgment, range loop, etc.
if judgement
{{ if eq .Status "active" }}
<p>The status is normal</p>
{{ else }}
<p>Status exception</p>
{{ end }} Note that function forms should be used when comparing, such as eq (equal to), ne (not equal to), gt (greater than), etc.
range loop
If you want to iterate over a slice or array:
{{ range .Items }}
<li>{{ . }}</li>
{{ end }}Suppose you are passing in a string slice:
data := struct {
Items []string
}{
Items: []string{"Apple", "Banana", "Orange"},
}This way you can output a list.
4. HTML template vs text template: select the right package
Go provides two template-related standard libraries:
-
text/template: suitable for common text templates, such as emails and configuration files. -
html/template: designed for HTML, automatically escapes HTML special characters to prevent XSS attacks.
If you are generating web content, you should prioritize using html/template to ensure security.
For example:
import "html/template"
This automatically handles tags like <script></script> to prevent injection attacks.
Basically that's it. Although Go's template system looks simple, it is fully competent for most Web development scenarios after combining structure, process control and nesting mechanisms. The key is to understand the way data binding and the organizational structure of the template.
The above is the detailed content of golang template package tutorial. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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