To properly configure Nginx and PHP-FPM to run Laravel applications, make sure that the request is correctly routed to public/index.php. 1. Install PHP-FPM and confirm its socket path, such as /var/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock; 2. Configure the Nginx server block, root points to the public directory, use try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string to handle the route, location ~ \.php$ fastcgi_pass points to the correct PHP-FPM socket, and set a secure fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME; 3. Set file permissions: Set the project directory to the www-data user, storage and bootstrap/cache directory permissions to 775; 4. Optionally configure HTTPS, and use Certbot to automatically configure SSL; 5. Complete the Laravel environment settings, configure APP_ENV=production, APP_DEBUG=false, APP_URL in the .env file, and run php artisan key:generate and config:cache. After ensuring that PHP-FPM is running, Nginx is configured correctly, and permissions are correct, Laravel applications can run efficiently through Nginx and PHP-FPM.

Setting up Nginx with PHP-FPM for a Laravel application is straightforward once you understand the components involved. Laravel relies on clean URLs (via index.php routing), so your Nginx configuration must properly route requests to the public/index.php front controller. Here's how to do it correctly.

? 1. Install and Configure PHP-FPM

First, make sure PHP-FPM is installed and running. Laravel typically requires PHP 8.0 or higher.

 # On Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php-fpm php-mysql php-curl php-mbstring php-xml php-bcmath

After installation, check the active PHP-FPM socket. Most systems use:

 /var/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock # Adjust version as needed

You can verify this by checking the pool config:

 sudo cat /etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf | grep "listen ="

It should show something like:

 listen = /var/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock

Keep this path handy — you'll need it in the Nginx config.

? 2. Nginx Server Block for Laravel

Create or edit your site configuration in Nginx (usually under /etc/nginx/sites-available/your-site ):

 server {
    listen 80;
    server_name yourdomain.com;
    root /var/www/laravel/public; # Point to Laravel's public directory
    index index.php index.html;

    # Handle all incoming requests
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    # PHP processing
    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock; # Match your PHP-FPM socket
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

    # Deny access to sensitive files
    location ~ /\.(env|git) {
        deny all;
    }

    # Optional: Deny access to hidden files outside public
    location ~ /\. {
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
        deny all;
    }
}

Key Points:

• root points to public/ , not the Laravel root.
• try_files ensures all non-file/directory requests go to index.php for Laravel's router.
• fastcgi_pass must match your PHP-FPM socket.
• fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME uses $realpath_root for security (prevents path traversal).

Enable the site:

 sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/your-site /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t # Test config
sudo systemctl reload nginx

? 3. Set Proper File Permissions

Ensure Nginx can read your Laravel app:

 sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/laravel
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/laravel
sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www/laravel/storage /var/www/laravel/bootstrap/cache

Replace /var/www/laravel with your actual Laravel project path.

? 4. (Optional) HTTPS with Let's Encrypt

Use Certbot to secure your site:

 sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot --nginx -d yourdomain.com

This automatically updates your Nginx config to use SSL.

? 5. Laravel Environment Setup

Make sure your .env file is set up:

 APP_ENV=production
APP_DEBUG=false # Never enable in production
APP_URL=https://yourdomain.com

And generate the key:

 php artisan key:generate
php artisan config:cache

That's it. Your Laravel app should now be served efficiently via Nginx and PHP-FPM. Just make sure:

• PHP-FPM is running: sudo systemctl status php8.1-fpm
• Nginx has no config errors
• File permissions are correct

Basically, it's not complicated — but the root , try_files , and fastcgi_param lines are easy to mess up. Get those right, and Laravel will run smoothly.

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