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Table of Contents
Using Fluid Grids
Media Queries Application
Responsive processing of pictures and media
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial Responsive Web Design Principles in HTML

Responsive Web Design Principles in HTML

Jul 22, 2025 am 02:33 AM

Responsive web design is a design concept, with its core locating flexible layout, media query and scalable elements; 1. Use percentage or vw units to define width to achieve flow layout; 2. Use flexbox or grid to achieve elastic arrangement; 3. Apply different styles according to screen characteristics through media query; 4. Use max-width: 100% and elements to achieve adaptation in pictures. These technologies work together to enable the website to be displayed and used normally on different devices.

Responsive Web Design Principles in HTML

Responsive web design is not a new technology, but a design concept, aiming to enable websites to be displayed and used normally on different devices. The core lies in flexible layouts, media queries and scalable elements, and HTML is the basis for building these.

Responsive Web Design Principles in HTML

Using Fluid Grids

In traditional web design, the width is often a fixed pixel value, such as 960px. However, in responsive design, it is recommended to use percentages or vw units to define the width, so that the content can be automatically adjusted according to the screen size.

  • Set the container width width: 100% or max-width to make it adapt to the parent container.
  • Elastic arrangements can be more easily achieved using CSS's flexbox or grid layout.
  • Avoid setting a fixed width for internal elements, and try to use relative units such as % , em , and rem .

For example: a three-column layout is displayed side by side on a large screen, while on a phone it should be stacked in a column. At this time, you can use media query with flex or grid to switch layout methods.

Responsive Web Design Principles in HTML

Media Queries Application

Media queries are one of the core tools of responsive design, which allows you to apply different CSS styles based on device characteristics (such as screen width, resolution).

A common practice is to write code like this in CSS:

Responsive Web Design Principles in HTML
 @media (max-width: 768px) {
  /* Mobile phone and tablet style*/
}
  • Try to set media queries by content breakpoints rather than device size.
  • Mobile priority is a good habit. First write a small screen style, and then gradually enhance the large screen experience.
  • Don't write a separate style for each device, it's more important to keep it universal.

For example, the navigation bar is displayed as a horizontal menu on the desktop, and it may need to be hidden as a hamburger menu on the mobile side. This is the most typical application scenario for media query.

Responsive processing of pictures and media

If the picture is not controlled, it is easy to destroy the layout. To make the picture adaptable to different screens, the following tips can be used:

  • Add img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } to the image to prevent overflow of containers.
  • Use the <picture></picture> element to combine srcset and sizes attributes to provide multi-size image sources, allowing the browser to automatically select the most suitable image.
  • For background images, you can use background-size: cover or contain to control the filling method.

For example, a banner image displays a full wide image on the desktop, and a clipping center part display on the mobile phone can be controlled through object-fit or background-position .

Basically that's it. Responsive design looks complicated, but in fact, as long as you master these core points, you can create web pages that are suitable for most devices. The key is to understand how they cooperate, rather than memorizing a certain routine by rote.

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