Responsive web design is a design concept, with its core locating flexible layout, media query and scalable elements; 1. Use percentage or vw units to define width to achieve flow layout; 2. Use flexbox or grid to achieve elastic arrangement; 3. Apply different styles according to screen characteristics through media query; 4. Use max-width: 100% and
Responsive web design is not a new technology, but a design concept, aiming to enable websites to be displayed and used normally on different devices. The core lies in flexible layouts, media queries and scalable elements, and HTML is the basis for building these.

Using Fluid Grids
In traditional web design, the width is often a fixed pixel value, such as 960px. However, in responsive design, it is recommended to use percentages or vw
units to define the width, so that the content can be automatically adjusted according to the screen size.
- Set the container width
width: 100%
ormax-width
to make it adapt to the parent container. - Elastic arrangements can be more easily achieved using CSS's
flexbox
orgrid
layout. - Avoid setting a fixed width for internal elements, and try to use relative units such as
%
,em
, andrem
.
For example: a three-column layout is displayed side by side on a large screen, while on a phone it should be stacked in a column. At this time, you can use media query with flex or grid to switch layout methods.

Media Queries Application
Media queries are one of the core tools of responsive design, which allows you to apply different CSS styles based on device characteristics (such as screen width, resolution).
A common practice is to write code like this in CSS:

@media (max-width: 768px) { /* Mobile phone and tablet style*/ }
- Try to set media queries by content breakpoints rather than device size.
- Mobile priority is a good habit. First write a small screen style, and then gradually enhance the large screen experience.
- Don't write a separate style for each device, it's more important to keep it universal.
For example, the navigation bar is displayed as a horizontal menu on the desktop, and it may need to be hidden as a hamburger menu on the mobile side. This is the most typical application scenario for media query.
Responsive processing of pictures and media
If the picture is not controlled, it is easy to destroy the layout. To make the picture adaptable to different screens, the following tips can be used:
- Add
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
to the image to prevent overflow of containers. - Use the
<picture></picture>
element to combinesrcset
andsizes
attributes to provide multi-size image sources, allowing the browser to automatically select the most suitable image. - For background images, you can use
background-size: cover
orcontain
to control the filling method.
For example, a banner image displays a full wide image on the desktop, and a clipping center part display on the mobile phone can be controlled through object-fit
or background-position
.
Basically that's it. Responsive design looks complicated, but in fact, as long as you master these core points, you can create web pages that are suitable for most devices. The key is to understand how they cooperate, rather than memorizing a certain routine by rote.
The above is the detailed content of Responsive Web Design Principles in HTML. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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