When Windows cannot recognize USB devices, first check the physical connection and device status, confirm whether the interface, data cable and device are normal, and pay attention to whether the power supply is sufficient; secondly check whether there are driver abnormalities or conflicts in the device manager, and try to update or reinstall the driver; then check whether the system services such as Plug and Play are enabled, and adjust the USB energy-saving settings in power management; finally run the system file check tool, update the system or reset the BIOS/UEFI settings to troubleshoot system-level problems. Following the above steps to investigate step by step, most identification problems caused by non-hardware damage can usually be solved.

It is indeed a common problem for Windows to not recognize USB devices. There may be many reasons, but in most cases it is not that the hardware is broken, but that there is something wrong with the connection, driver or system settings. To solve this type of problem, you can start from the following aspects.

Check physical connections and device status

Sometimes the problem is actually very simple, it is that the connection is not plugged in properly or there is a problem with the device itself. You can try first:

• Try changing to a USB port, especially for desktop computers, there may be differences in the interfaces of the front and rear panels.
• Change a data cable or another device to test it out to troubleshoot the cable or device itself
• Pay attention to whether there is a slight "drop" prompt sound when plugging and unplugging. If not, it may be that the system has not recognized it.

If it is a powered device (such as a mobile hard drive), you should also check whether the power is insufficient and try using a USB HUB with an independent power supply.

View Device Manager and Driver Status

Device Manager is an important tool for troubleshooting USB issues. The way to open is to right-click "Start Menu" → Device Manager.

Common situations include:

• The device appears in "Other Devices" with a yellow exclamation mark → The driver may not be installed
• There is an exclamation mark or a cross under the USB interface → There may be an exception or conflict in the driver.
• No device appears at all → It may be disabled at the hardware or system level

You can try right-click the device → update the driver, or uninstall it and re-plug and unplug and unplug the system to re-identify it.

System service and policy setting issues

Sometimes, some Windows services are shut down or policy changes can also cause USB devices to be unrecognized. for example:

• Plug and Play Services Disabled will cause the device to not automatically recognize
• USB Selective Suspend Settings Sometimes the device will be powered off and sleepy, causing abnormal recognition
• USB storage devices are disabled in Group Policy (common on corporate computers)

You can check whether the relevant services are enabled through services.msc , or try turning off the USB power saving option in power management.

System file corruption or update problem

If none of the above methods are useful, it may be that the system file is corrupt or the update is missing. At this time you can try:

• Run the system file check tool: Open the command prompt (administrator) and enter sfc /scannow
• Update Windows systems, sometimes patches fix certain USB controller compatibility issues
• Reset USB settings in BIOS/UEFI, or restore default settings

This level of operation is a little more complicated, but if you have ruled out other possibilities, you can try it.

Basically, these common investigation directions. The problem may lie in a small detail, such as a service that is not opened or a wire that is broken, so be patient and take it step by step when troubleshooting.

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