The core of animation using JS is change and time control, and smooth animation is achieved through requestAnimationFrame. 1. Use requestAnimationFrame to control the rhythm, pass in the callback function and use the current timestamp parameters provided by the browser to avoid lag and frame drop problems. 2. By modifying CSS attributes such as transform and opacity, we will prioritize performance-friendly attributes. 3. Encapsulated animation functions improve reusability. For example, the moveElement function can flexibly pass parameters such as elements, target position and duration. 4. Consider using libraries to simplify the development of complex functions. GSAP, anime.js, Velocity.js and other libraries provide compatibility and performance optimization solutions, which are suitable for rapid development of complex animation effects. After mastering the relationship between frames and changes, implementing simple animations will be more efficient.
Using JS to make animations is actually not that mysterious. To put it bluntly, it is to constantly modify the style attributes of elements and let the browser draw them one by one. The core idea is two words: change time control .
1. Use requestAnimationFrame to control the animation rhythm
If you use setInterval or setTimeout directly to animation, you may encounter problems of lag and frame drops. At this time, you need to use requestAnimationFrame , which is an API designed specifically for animation, and the browser will automatically optimize the rendering timing.
For example: You want a div to move to the right and update its left style value for each frame:
let start = null;
function animate(timestamp) {
if (!start) start = timestamp;
let progress = timestamp - start;
let element = document.getElementById("box");
element.style.left = Math.min(progress / 10, 200) "px";
if (progress < 2000) {
requestAnimationFrame(animate);
}
}
requestAnimationFrame(animate);Key points:
- Each time you call
requestAnimationFrame, a callback function is passed in - The callback parameter is the current timestamp (provided by the browser)
- It is important to control the end conditions of the animation, otherwise it will continue to be executed infinitely.
2. Modify CSS properties to achieve visual changes
The essence of JS animation is to constantly modify the style of DOM elements. You can manipulate inline styles, or you can switch the CSS animation state by adding/removing class.
Common practices are:
- Set
element.style.transformdirectly - Modify
element.style.opacityto achieve transparency changes - Set
element.style.top/leftto control positioning position
It is recommended to prioritize transform and opacity because they are more performance-friendly, especially the GPU-accelerated part.
3. Simple encapsulation of your own animation functions
If you write too much, you will find that you have to write a bunch of duplicate code every time. It is better to simply encapsulate it:
function moveElement(element, targetX, duration) {
let start = null;
const startX = parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(element).left);
const distance = targetX - startX;
function step(timestamp) {
if (!start) start = timestamp;
let progress = timestamp - start;
let percent = Math.min(progress / duration, 1);
element.style.left = startX distance * percent "px";
if (percent < 1) {
requestAnimationFrame(step);
}
}
requestAnimationFrame(step);
}In this way, you can reuse the animation logic and pass different parameters to move different elements.
4. You can consider using libraries to simplify your work
Although native JS can implement animation, if you need complex animation chains, easing functions, scroll triggers and other functions, you can consider using ready-made libraries, such as:
- GSAP : Powerful, suitable for complex animations
- anime.js : lightweight, API friendly
- Velocity.js : Animation style similar to jQuery
These libraries have helped you handle a lot of details, such as compatibility, performance optimization, etc., and are suitable for rapid development in projects.
Basically, that's not difficult to do animation in JS. The key is to understand the relationship between "frames" and "changes". As long as you master the methods of rhythm control and style updates, writing a small movement yourself is actually very fast.
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