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Home Database MongoDB How to back up data in mongodb

How to back up data in mongodb

Apr 12, 2025 am 08:48 AM
mongodb

MongoDB provides four backup methods: mongodump (simple and easy to use, supports incremental backup), mongorestore (easy to use with mongodump and supports incremental recovery), Oplog (supports point-time recovery), and snapshots (convenient and fast). When choosing the appropriate backup method, consider database size, resource, recovery time objectives, and recovery point objectives.

How to back up data in mongodb

MongoDB data backup method

MongoDB provides a variety of data backup methods for users to choose the option that best suits their needs. Here are the most common backup methods:

1. mongodump

  • mongodump is a built-in utility in MongoDB for creating database backups of files.
  • Use mongodump to easily back up entire databases or specific collections.
  • Backups can be stored on a local file system or on a remote server.

advantage:

  • Simple and easy to use
  • Support incremental backup

shortcoming:

  • The database needs to be stopped during the backup process
  • Backup files can be very large

2. mongorestore

  • mongorestore is a utility corresponding to mongodump for restoring databases from files.
  • Can be used to restore a complete database or partial collection.
  • The recovery process can be performed in parallel to improve performance.

advantage:

  • Easy to use with mongodump
  • Support incremental recovery

shortcoming:

  • The database needs to be stopped during the restore process
  • Backup files can be slow when they are large

3. Oplog

  • Oplog (Operation Log) is a collection in MongoDB that records all database changes.
  • By combining oplog with initial backups, you can create point-time backups.
  • Point-time backup allows users to restore the database to a specific point in time.

advantage:

  • Continuous backup will not affect performance
  • Recovery when support points

shortcoming:

  • Setting up and managing complexity
  • Requires oplog enabled

4. Snapshot

  • A snapshot is a file system-level data backup that creates a frozen image of the database state.
  • Snapshots are very fast and have little impact on performance.
  • Snapshots can be used to quickly recover or create clones.

advantage:

  • Convenient and fast
  • No performance impact

shortcoming:

  • Third-party tools may be required
  • Incremental backup is not supported

Choose the right backup method

Choosing the right backup method depends on the following factors:

  • Database size
  • Available resources
  • Recovery time target (RTO)
  • Recovery Point Target (RPO)

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