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Algorithms Algorithms(算法) bsearch bsearch_s qsort qsort_s Atomic operations Atomic operations library(原子操作庫(kù)) ATOMIC_*_LOCK_FREE atomic_compare_exchange_strong atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit atomic_compare_exchange_weak atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit atomic_exchange atomic_exchange_explicit atomic_fetch_add atomic_fetch_add_explicit atomic_fetch_and atomic_fetch_and_explicit atomic_fetch_or atomic_fetch_or_explicit atomic_fetch_sub atomic_fetch_sub_explicit atomic_fetch_xor atomic_fetch_xor_explicit atomic_flag atomic_flag_clear atomic_flag_clear_explicit ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT atomic_flag_test_and_set atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit atomic_init atomic_is_lock_free atomic_load atomic_load_explicit atomic_signal_fence atomic_store atomic_store_explicit atomic_thread_fence(線程圍欄) ATOMIC_VAR_INIT kill_dependency memory_order(內(nèi)存排序) C keywords auto(自動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)) break(跳出循環(huán)) C keywords(關(guān)鍵詞) case char const(常量修飾符) continue default(預(yù)設(shè)運(yùn)算式) do double(雙精度浮點(diǎn)型) else enum(枚舉類型) extern(全局變量) float(浮點(diǎn)數(shù)) for fortran goto(goto語(yǔ)句) if(if語(yǔ)句) inline(行內(nèi)函式) int long(長(zhǎng)整型) register(寄存器變量) restrict( restrict類型限定符) return short signed sizeof(sizeof運(yùn)算符) static(靜態(tài)變量) struct(結(jié)構(gòu)體) switch(switch語(yǔ)句) typedef(typedef關(guān)鍵字) union(聯(lián)合體) unsigned(無(wú)符號(hào)) void(空類型) volatile(volatile變量) while(while語(yǔ)句) _Alignas _Alignof _Atomic _Bool _Complex _Generic _Imaginary _Noreturn _Static_assert _Thread_local C language #define directive #elif directive #else directive #endif directive #error directive #if directive #ifdef directive #ifndef directive #include directive #line directive #pragma directive alignas(對(duì)齊指定符) Alternative operators and tokens(替代運(yùn)算符和令牌) Analyzability Arithmetic operators Arithmetic types Array declaration(數(shù)組聲明) Array initialization(陣列初始化) ASCII Chart Assignment operators(賦值運(yùn)算符) types(atomic類型限定符) Basic concepts Bit fields(位域) break statement C language C Operator Precedence cast operator character constant(字符字面量) Comments(注釋符) Comparison operators(比較運(yùn)算符) compound literals(符合字面量) Conditional inclusion(條件包含) Conformance(一致性) const type qualifier(const 限定符) Constant expressions(常量表達(dá)) continue statement Declarations(聲明) do-while loop Enumerations(枚舉類型) Escape sequences(轉(zhuǎn)義字符) Expressions(表達(dá)式) External and tentative definitions(外部和暫定的定義) File scope(文件范圍) floating constant(浮點(diǎn)常量) for loop Function declarations(函數(shù)聲明) Function definitions(函數(shù)聲明) Functions Generic selection泛型選擇 goto statement Identifier(標(biāo)示符) if statement Implicit conversions(隱式轉(zhuǎn)換) Increment/decrement operators(前置/后置操作符) Initialization(初始化) inline function specifier(內(nèi)聯(lián)函式) integer constant Lifetime(生命期) Logical operators(邏輯運(yùn)算符) Lookup and name spaces Main function(主函式) Member access operators(會(huì)員接入運(yùn)營(yíng)商) Memory model Objects and alignment(字節(jié)對(duì)齊) Order of evaluation(評(píng)估順序) Other operators Phases of translation(翻譯階段) Pointer declaration Preprocessor(預(yù)處理) restrict type qualifier(restrict類型限定符) return statement Scalar initialization(標(biāo)量類型初始化) Scope(范圍) sizeof operator(sizeof運(yùn)算符) Statements(陳述) static assert declaration(靜態(tài)斷言聲明) Static storage duration(靜態(tài)存儲(chǔ)周期) Storage-class specifiers(存儲(chǔ)類說(shuō)明符) string literals(字符串字面量) Struct and union initialization(結(jié)構(gòu)體與聯(lián)合體初始化) Struct declaration(結(jié)構(gòu)體聲明) switch statement Thread storage duration(線程存儲(chǔ)時(shí)間) Type Type(類型) Typedef declaration(Typedef聲明) Undefined behavior(未定義行為) Union declaration(聯(lián)合體聲明) Value categories(值類別) Variadic arguments(變長(zhǎng)參數(shù)宏) volatile type qualifier(volatile 類型限定符) while loop _Alignof operator _Noreturn function specifier Date and time asctime(asctime函數(shù)) asctime_s clock CLOCKS_PER_SEC clock_t ctime(ctime函數(shù)) ctime_s Date and time utilities(日期和時(shí)間庫(kù)) difftime(計(jì)算兩個(gè)時(shí)間的間隔) gmtime gmtime_s localtime localtime_s mktime(將時(shí)間結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成經(jīng)過(guò)的秒數(shù)的函數(shù)) strftime(格式化輸出時(shí)間函數(shù)) time timespec timespec_get time_t tm wcsftime(格式化時(shí)間寬字符) Dynamic memory management aligned_alloc C memory management library(內(nèi)存管理庫(kù)) calloc free(釋放動(dòng)態(tài)分配空間的函數(shù)) malloc(動(dòng)態(tài)分配內(nèi)存空間的函數(shù)) realloc(重新分配內(nèi)存空間的函數(shù)) Error handling abort_handler_s assert(斷言) constraint_handler_t errno(錯(cuò)誤報(bào)告) Error handling(錯(cuò)誤處理) Error numbers(錯(cuò)誤個(gè)數(shù)) ignore_handler_s set_constraint_handler_s static_assert File input/output clearerr(清除/復(fù)位) fclose feof ferror fflush(清空文件緩沖區(qū)) fgetc fgetpos fgets fgetwc fgetws File input/output fopen fopen_s fprintf fprintf_s fputc fputs fputwc fputws fread freopen freopen_s fscanf fscanf_s fseek fsetpos ftell fwide fwprintf fwprintf_s fwrite fwscanf fwscanf_s getc getchar gets gets_s getwchar perror printf printf_s putc putchar puts putwc putwchar remove rename rewind scanf scanf_s setbuf setvbuf snprintf sprintf sscanf sscanf_s swprintf swprintf_s swscanf swscanf_s tmpfile tmpfile_s tmpnam tmpnam_s ungetc ungetwc vfprintf vfprintf_s vfscanf vfscanf_s vfwprintf vfwprintf_s vfwscanf vfwscanf_s vprintf vprintf_s vscanf vscanf_s vsnprintf vsprintf vsscanf vsscanf_s vswprintf vswprintf_s vswscanf vswscanf_s vwprintf vwprintf_s vwscanf vwscanf_s wprintf wprintf_s wscanf wscanf_s Localization support lconv LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME localeconv Localization support setlocale Numerics abs acos acosf acosh acoshf acoshl acosl asin asinf asinh asinhf asinhl asinl atan atan2 atan2f atan2l atanf atanh atanhf atanhl atanl cabs cabsf cabsl cacos cacosf cacosh cacoshf cacoshl cacosl carg cargf cargl casin casinf casinh casinhf casinhl casinl catan catanf catanh catanhf catanhl catanl cbrt cbrtf cbrtl ccos ccosf ccosh ccoshf ccoshl ccosl ceil ceilf ceill cexp cexpf cexpl cimag cimagf cimagl clog clogf clogl CMPLX CMPLXF CMPLXL Common mathematical functions complex Complex number arithmetic conj conjf conjl copysign copysignf copysignl cos cosf cosh coshf coshl cosl cpow cpowf cpowl cproj cprojf cprojl creal crealf creall csin csinf csinh csinhf csinhl csinl csqrt csqrtf csqrtl ctan ctanf ctanh ctanhf ctanhl ctanl div double_t erf erfc erfcf erfcl erff erfl exp exp2 exp2f exp2l expf expl expm1 expm1f expm1l fabs fabsf fabsl fdim feclearexcept fegetenv fegetexceptflag fegetround feholdexcept feraiseexcept fesetenv fesetexceptflag fesetround fetestexcept feupdateenv FE_ALL_EXCEPT FE_DFL_ENV FE_DIVBYZERO FE_DOWNWARD FE_INEXACT FE_INVALID FE_OVERFLOW FE_TONEAREST FE_TOWARDZERO FE_UNDERFLOW FE_UPWARD Floating-point environment float_t floor floorf floorl fma fmaf fmal fmax fmaxf fmaxl fmin fminf fminl fmod fmodf fmodl fpclassify FP_INFINITE FP_NAN FP_NORMAL FP_SUBNORMAL FP_ZERO frexp frexpf frexpl HUGE_VAL HUGE_VALF HUGE_VALL hypot hypotf hypotl I ilogb ilogbf ilogbl imaginary imaxabs imaxdiv INFINITY isfinite isgreater isgreaterequal isinf isless islessequal islessgreater isnan isnormal isunordered labs ldexp ldexpf ldexpl ldiv lgamma lgammaf lgammal llabs lldiv llrint llrintf llrintl llround llroundf llroundl log log10 log10f log10l log1p log1pf log1pl log2 log2f log2l logb logbf logbl logf logl lrint lrintf lrintl lround lroundf lroundl MATH_ERREXCEPT math_errhandling MATH_ERRNO modf modff modfl nan NAN nanf nanl nearbyint nearbyintf nearbyintl nextafter nextafterf nextafterl nexttoward nexttowardf nexttowardl Numerics pow powf powl Pseudo-random number generation rand RAND_MAX remainder remainderf remainderl remquo remquof remquol rint rintf rintl round roundf roundl scalbln scalblnf scalblnl scalbn scalbnf scalbnl signbit sin sinf sinh sinhf sinhl sinl sqrt sqrtf sqrtl srand tan tanf tanh tanhf tanhl tanl tgamma tgammaf tgammal trunc truncf truncl Type-generic math _Complex_I _Imaginary_I Program support abort atexit at_quick_exit exit EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS getenv getenv_s jmp_buf longjmp Program support utilities quick_exit raise setjmp SIGABRT SIGFPE SIGILL SIGINT signal SIGSEGV SIGTERM sig_atomic_t SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN system _Exit Strings atof atoi atol atoll btowc c16rtomb c32rtomb char16_t char32_t isalnum isalpha isblank iscntrl isdigit isgraph islower isprint ispunct isspace isupper iswalnum iswalpha iswblank iswcntrl iswctype iswdigit iswgraph iswlower iswprint iswpunct iswspace iswupper iswxdigit isxdigit mblen mbrlen mbrtoc16 mbrtoc32 mbrtowc mbsinit mbsrtowcs mbsrtowcs_s mbstate_t mbstowcs mbstowcs_s mbtowc memchr memcmp memcpy memcpy_s memmove memmove_s memset memset_s Null-terminated byte strings Null-terminated multibyte strings Null-terminated wide strings strcat strcat_s strchr strcmp strcoll strcpy strcpy_s strcspn strerror strerrorlen_s strerror_s Strings library strlen strncat Thread support call_once cnd_broadcast cnd_destroy cnd_init cnd_signal cnd_timedwait cnd_wait mtx_destroy mtx_init mtx_lock mtx_plain mtx_recursive mtx_timed mtx_timedlock mtx_trylock mtx_unlock once_flag ONCE_FLAG_INIT thrd_busy thrd_create thrd_current thrd_detach thrd_equal thrd_error thrd_exit thrd_join thrd_nomem thrd_sleep thrd_success thrd_timedout thrd_yield Thread support library thread_local tss_create tss_delete TSS_DTOR_ITERATIONS tss_get tss_set Type support Boolean type support library Fixed width integer types FLT_EVAL_METHOD FLT_ROUNDS max_align_t NULL Numeric limits offsetof ptrdiff_t size_t Type support Variadic functions Variadic functions va_arg va_copy va_end va_list va_start
文字

比較運(yùn)算符是測(cè)試條件的二元運(yùn)算符,如果該條件為邏輯,則返回1,如果該條件為,則返回0。

Operator

Operator name

Example

Description

==

equal to

a == b

a is equal to b

!=

not equal to

a != b

a is not equal to b

<

less than

a < b

a is less than b


greater than

a > b

a is greater than b

<=

less than or equal to

a <= b

a is less than or equal to b

=

greater than or equal to

a >= b

a is greater than or equal to b

關(guān)系運(yùn)算符

關(guān)系運(yùn)算符表達(dá)式具有這種形式。

lhs < rhs

(1)


lhs > rhs

(2)


lhs <= rhs

(3)


lhs >= rhs

(4)


1)少于表達(dá)式

2)大于表達(dá)式

3)較少或相等的表達(dá)

4)更大或相等的表達(dá)

其中

lhs, rhs

-

expressions that both have real type or both have pointer to object type

任何關(guān)系運(yùn)算符表達(dá)式的類型是int,并且其值(不是左值)是1指定的關(guān)系成立并且0指定的關(guān)系不成立時(shí)的值。

如果 lhs 和 rhs 是任何實(shí)際類型的表達(dá)式,那么。

  • 如果 lhs 和 rhs 具有算術(shù)類型,則執(zhí)行通常的算術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換

  • 轉(zhuǎn)換后操作數(shù)的值以通常的數(shù)學(xué)意義進(jìn)行比較(除了正數(shù)和負(fù)數(shù)比較相等且任何涉及 NaN 值的比較返回零)

請(qǐng)注意,復(fù)數(shù)和虛數(shù)不能與這些運(yùn)算符進(jìn)行比較。

如果lhs和rhs是指針類型的表達(dá)式,它們必須都是指向兼容類型對(duì)象的指針,只是指向?qū)ο蟮南薅ū缓雎浴?/p>

  • 指向不是數(shù)組元素的對(duì)象的指針被視為指向具有一個(gè)元素的數(shù)組元素

  • 如果兩個(gè)指針指向同一個(gè)對(duì)象,或者兩個(gè)指針都指向同一個(gè)數(shù)組的末尾,則它們會(huì)相等

  • 如果兩個(gè)指針指向相同數(shù)組的不同元素,則指向索引較大的元素的指針比較大。

  • 如果一個(gè)指針指向一個(gè)數(shù)組的元素,另一個(gè)指針指向一個(gè)超過(guò)同一個(gè)數(shù)組的末尾,那么一個(gè)過(guò)去的末尾指針會(huì)比較大

  • 如果兩個(gè)指針指向同一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體的成員,那么稍后在結(jié)構(gòu)體定義中聲明的成員指針比先前聲明的成員的指針大。

  • 指向同一工會(huì)成員的指針相等

  • 所有其他指針比較都會(huì)調(diào)用未定義的行為

#include <assert.h>int main(void){    assert(1 < 2);    assert(2+2 <= 4.0); // int converts to double, two 4.0's compare equal
 
    struct { int x,y; } s;    assert(&s.x < &s.y); // struct members compare in order of declaration
 
    double d = 0.0/0.0; // NaN    assert( !(d < d) );    assert( !(d > d) );    assert( !(d >= d) );    assert( !(d >= d) );
 
    float f = 0.1; // f = 0.100000001490116119384765625
    double g = 0.1; // g = 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625    assert(f > g); // different values}

平等操作符

等號(hào)運(yùn)算符表達(dá)式具有這種形式。

lhs == rhs

(1)


lhs != rhs

(2)


1)等于表達(dá)

2)不等于表達(dá)

其中

lhs,rhs

-

具有任何算術(shù)類型(包括復(fù)數(shù)和虛數(shù))的表達(dá)式都是指向?qū)ο蠡蚣嫒蓊愋秃瘮?shù)的指針,忽略指向類型的限定符一個(gè)是指向?qū)ο蟮闹羔?,另一個(gè)是指向(可能限定的)void一個(gè)是指向?qū)ο蠡蚝瘮?shù)的指針,另一個(gè)是空指針常量,例如NULL

  • 兩者都有算術(shù)類型(包括復(fù)數(shù)和虛數(shù))

  • 都是指向兼容類型的對(duì)象或函數(shù)的指針,而忽略指向類型的限定符

  • 一個(gè)是指向?qū)ο蟮闹羔槪硪粋€(gè)指向(可能合格的) void

  • 一個(gè)是指向?qū)ο蠡蚝瘮?shù)的指針,另一個(gè)是空指針常量,如 NULL

任何等號(hào)運(yùn)算符表達(dá)式的類型是int,并且其值(不是左值)是1指定的關(guān)系成立并且0指定的關(guān)系不成立時(shí)的值。

  • 如果兩個(gè)操作數(shù)都具有算術(shù)類型,則執(zhí)行通常的算術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換,并以通常的數(shù)學(xué)意義對(duì)結(jié)果值進(jìn)行比較(除了正數(shù)和負(fù)數(shù)比較相等并且任何涉及NaN值的比較,包括與其自身的相等性返回零)。特別是,如果復(fù)數(shù)類型的實(shí)部比較相等并且它們的虛部比較相等,則復(fù)數(shù)類型的值是相等的。

  • 如果一個(gè)操作數(shù)是一個(gè)指針而另一個(gè)是空指針常量,則空指針常量首先被轉(zhuǎn)換為指針的類型(它給出一個(gè)空指針值),并且如下所述比較這兩個(gè)指針

  • 如果一個(gè)操作數(shù)是一個(gè)指針,而另一個(gè)是指向 void 的指針,則非 void 指針轉(zhuǎn)換為指向 void 的指針,并如下所述比較兩個(gè)指針

  • 如果滿足以下任一條件,則兩個(gè)指針相等:

    • 它們都是它們類型的空指針值

    • 它們都是指向同一個(gè)對(duì)象的指針

    • 一個(gè)指針指向一個(gè) struct / union / array 對(duì)象,另一個(gè)指向其第一個(gè)成員/任何成員/第一個(gè)元素

    • 他們都指向一個(gè)過(guò)去的同一陣列的最后一個(gè)元素

    • 一個(gè)是一個(gè)超過(guò)數(shù)組的末尾,另一個(gè)是不同數(shù)組的起始位置(相同類型),它跟隨在較大數(shù)組中的第一個(gè)數(shù)組中,或者在沒(méi)有填充的結(jié)構(gòu)中

(與關(guān)系運(yùn)算符一樣,指向不是任何數(shù)組元素的對(duì)象的指針的行為就像指向大小為1的數(shù)組的元素的指針)。

注意

結(jié)構(gòu)類型的對(duì)象不會(huì)自動(dòng)比較相等,并且比較它們memcmp是不可靠的,因?yàn)樘畛渥止?jié)可能有任何值。

由于指針比較與無(wú)效指針一起工作,因此NULL可以將宏定義為(void*)0C 語(yǔ)言,盡管在 C ++中無(wú)效指針不會(huì)隱式轉(zhuǎn)換為類型指針。

在比較浮點(diǎn)值是否相等時(shí)必須小心,因?yàn)樵S多操作的結(jié)果不能精確表示,必須舍入。在實(shí)踐中,通常會(huì)比較浮點(diǎn)數(shù),以考慮最后一個(gè)地方的一個(gè)或多個(gè)單位的差異。

#include <assert.h>int main(void){    assert(2+2 == 4.0); // int converts to double, two 4.0's compare equal
 
    int n[2][3] = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
    int* p1 = &n[0][2]; // last element in the first row
    int* p2 = &n[1][0]; // start of second row    assert(p1+1 == p2); // compare equal
 
    double d = 0.0/0.0; // NaN    assert( d != d ); // NaN does not equal itself
 
    float f = 0.1; // f = 0.100000001490116119384765625
    double g = 0.1; // g = 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625    assert(f != g); // different values}

參考

  • C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

    • 6.5.8 Relational operators (p: 95-96)

    • 6.5.9 Equality operators (p: 96-97)

  • C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

    • 6.5.8 Relational operators (p: 85-86)

    • 6.5.9 Equality operators (p: 86-87)

  • C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

    • 3.3.8 Relational operators

    • 3.3.9 Equality operators

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