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- What are CSS container queries and how do they differ from media queries?
- CSScontainerqueriesallowstylingelementsbasedontheirparentcontainer’ssize,nottheviewport.1.TheyenableresponsivecomponentsthatadapttolocalcontextswithoutJavaScript.2.Usecontainer-typetodefineacontainmentcontextand@containertoapplystylesconditionally.3.
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 759 2025-07-23 02:14:11
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- How to improve CSS performance?
- The core of improving CSS performance is to reduce the overhead of browser style calculation and layout reordering. Specific methods include: 1. Avoid the use of complex selectors, such as deep nesting, wildcards and attribute selectors, and it is recommended to use efficient class selectors; 2. Reduce style reordering and redrawing, avoid frequent layouts by modifying class at one time, using GPU accelerated attributes, and batch operation of DOM; 3. Reasonably split CSS files, prioritize loading of key styles, compress and merge code to reduce volume; 4. Use BEM naming specifications to reduce conflicts, improve maintainability, thereby optimizing page rendering speed and enhancing user experience.
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 411 2025-07-23 02:12:21
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- Explain Grid template areas and lines
- grid-template-areas are suitable for overall structural design, and the layout is intuitively defined with named regions; 1. For example, in the three-column layout, the area is defined by strings such as "headerheaderheader"; 2. Each child element specifies the corresponding name through grid-area; 3. Suitable for responsive design and modular layout; grid-template-lines are suitable for precise control, and the area position is defined by row and column numbers; 1. For example grid-column and grid-row specify the starting and end rows; 2. High flexibility, suitable for dynamic layout; 3. The two cannot be mixed, but grid-template-areas can be used to match gr
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 638 2025-07-23 02:08:50
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- How to select adjacent siblings in CSS?
- The adjacent brother selector is a sibling element in CSS that is immediately following an element after a symbol. For example, h2 p selects the first p and sets the color to red, but only the next sibling elements, and both must be of the same level, and there cannot be other nodes in the middle. Common uses include adding styles to the first paragraph under the title, controlling the spacing of form elements, underline navigation bar activation items, etc. If you need to select all subsequent sibling elements, you should use the general sibling selector ~, such as h2~p, all subsequent p elements will be selected.
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 164 2025-07-23 02:01:31
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- Explain the difference between `position: absolute` and `position: fixed`
- The main differences between position:absolute and position:fixed are positioning benchmarks and scrolling behaviors; 1. Absolute is positioned relative to the nearest positioning ancestor elements. If not, the viewport shall be the basis and scrolling with the page; 2. Fixed is always positioned relative to the browser window and does not move with the page scrolling; 3. Both are separated from the document flow, but the hierarchical relationship is affected by different contexts; 4. Absolute is often used for internal positioning of components such as pop-up windows and drop-down menus, fixed is suitable for global fixed elements such as navigation bars and back to top buttons; 5. When using it, pay attention to the setting of parent element positioning attributes and mobile compatibility issues.
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 204 2025-07-23 01:52:31
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- How to create a background gradient using CSS?
- The way to add background gradients to a web page is to use CSS's background-image with linear-gradient or radial-gradient. 1. The most common linear gradient is the up and down direction, the syntax is background-image:linear-gradient(tobottom, white, lightgray) or abbreviated as background-image:linear-gradient(#fff,#f0f0f0); 2. The direction can be changed, such as toright means a gradient from left to right; 3. Radial gradient is suitable for the circular diffusion effect, and the syntax is background-
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 202 2025-07-23 01:52:10
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- Explain descendant and child selectors
- The difference between a child selector and a child element selector is that it matches nested levels. 1. The child selector (denoted by spaces) matches descendant elements at any nested level. For example, .parent.child will select all .child elements inside .parent, no matter how deep the nested; 2. The child element selector (denoted by >) only matches direct child elements, such as .parent>.child selects only .child of .parent. Styles affect all matching descendants when using child selectors, while child element selectors affect only direct child elements, which is especially important when building navigation bars or multi-level lists.
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 566 2025-07-23 01:48:30
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- What are the best practices for writing maintainable CSS?
- To maintain CSS for a long time, the key is to have clear structure, unified naming and clear logic. Specific practices include: 1. Organize CSS with a modular structure, split files by module, and use tools to merge to facilitate modification, collaboration and reuse; 2. Maintain a unified style of naming, use semantic names to avoid too deep levels, and recommend BEM or SMACSS specifications; 3. Avoid global pollution, and control scopes through CSS-in-JS, CSSModules or structural isolation; 4. Appropriate use of tools such as PostCSS, stylelint and preprocessors to improve code quality and standardize collaboration processes.
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 546 2025-07-23 01:15:12
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- How does the `:hover` pseudo-class work?
- The:hoverpseudo-classinCSSworkswithmousepointersbutnotreliablyontouchscreens.1.Itactivateswhenauserhoversoveranelementwithoutclicking.2.Itdoesn’tworkwithkeyboardnavigationortouchinputbydefault.3.Somemobiledevicesbrieflyapply:hoverafteratap.4.Commonus
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 156 2025-07-23 00:57:01
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- What is the purpose of the CSS `clip-path` property?
- The clip-path attribute of CSS controls the display part of the element by defining the clip area, and supports basic shapes such as circles, ellipse and polygons, such as circle (50%) to create circular clipping areas; 1. Use inset(), circle(), ellipse(), and polygon() to achieve geometric shape clipping; 2. Reference SVG elements to create complex paths; 3. Support responsive design and animation transitions; 4. Pay attention to performance impact and browser compatibility. This feature is suitable for scenes such as image display, interactive buttons, etc., but it needs to be used reasonably.
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 446 2025-07-23 00:47:42
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- Describe the `contain` property
- ThecontainpropertyinCSSimprovesperformanceandlayoutcontrolbyisolatingelements.1.Itlimitslayout,style,paint,andsizeoperationswithinanelement,allowingbrowseroptimizations.2.Valuesincludelayout,paint,size,andstyle,eachrestrictingspecificbehaviors.3.Comb
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 814 2025-07-22 03:16:30
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- What is the `:dir()` pseudo-class?
- Youwouldusethe:dir()pseudo-classinCSStoapplystylesbasedontheactualtextdirection—eitherleft-to-right(ltr)orright-to-left(rtl)—asdeterminedbythebrowser’sUnicodebidialgorithm,notlanguageattributes.1.IthelpsadjustUIelementslikemargins,padding,oriconsforR
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 426 2025-07-22 03:12:30
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- What does !important do in CSS
- !important is used in CSS to override other styles, by adding the !important flag, this style property will take precedence over conventional cascading and specificity rules. For example, if a paragraph sets p{color:red!important;}, even if there is a subsequent declaration of p{color:blue;}, the text color is still red. Its applicable scenarios include: ① Overwrite inline styles generated by third-party libraries or JavaScript that cannot be modified; ② Handle old code that is difficult to refactor; ③ Quick debugging or prototype design. However, it should be used with caution, as it will destroy the natural stacking logic of CSS, resulting in difficulty in maintenance and complex debugging. Alternatives include: ① Improve selector specificity; ② Add new class name control style; ③
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 157 2025-07-22 03:04:00
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- CSS variables (custom properties) tutorial
- CSS variables improve code maintenance and flexibility by defining reusable style values. It starts with -- and is called by var(), and is suitable for scenes such as unified colors and sizes. It is recommended to name according to purpose such as --color-primary, --font-size-base, and can be combined with component-level namespaces to avoid conflicts. Practical scenarios include theme switching, responsive design, and simplified component configuration. When using it, you need to pay attention to scope, correct calling method, default value settings and appropriate use. After mastering, it can effectively improve CSS maintainability and be compatible with mainstream browsers.
- CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 129 2025-07-22 03:00:48
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