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Table of Contents
Different positioning benchmarks
Different ways of being affected by page scrolling
Hierarchical relationships and detached document flow
Suggestions for actual use scenarios
Home Web Front-end CSS Tutorial Explain the difference between `position: absolute` and `position: fixed`

Explain the difference between `position: absolute` and `position: fixed`

Jul 23, 2025 am 01:52 AM
css position

The main differences between position: absolute and position: fixed are positioning benchmarks and scrolling behaviors; 1. absolute is positioned relative to the most recent positioning ancestor elements. If not, the viewport shall prevail and scroll with the page; 2. fixed is always positioned relative to the browser window and does not move with the page scrolling; 3. Both are separated from the document flow, but the hierarchical relationship is affected by different contexts; 4. absolute is often used for internal positioning of components such as pop-up windows and drop-down menus, fixed is suitable for global fixed elements such as navigation bars and back to top buttons; 5. Pay attention to the settings of parent element positioning attributes and mobile compatibility issues when using them.

Explain the difference between `position: absolute` and `position: fixed`

position: absolute and position: fixed look a bit similar, but their behaviors actually vary greatly in page layout. The key difference is that they have different positioning benchmarks.

Explain the difference between `position: absolute` and `position: fixed`

Different positioning benchmarks

  • position: absolute is positioned relative to the nearest positioning ancestor element (that is, the parent element that is set with non- static positioning). Without such an ancestor, it will keep looking up until the viewport (browser window) is found.

  • position: fixed is directly positioned relative to the browser window. No matter how the page scrolls, it is fixed at that position.

    Explain the difference between `position: absolute` and `position: fixed`

For example: If you put a fixed element in the middle of the page and scroll up and down the page, the element will "stick" on the screen. The absolute element will move with its positioning parent element.


Different ways of being affected by page scrolling

This is one of the most intuitive differences:

Explain the difference between `position: absolute` and `position: fixed`
  • absolute element will move as the page scrolls
  • The fixed element will not move, like it is nailed to the screen

For example, if you want to make a "Back to Top" button that always appears in the lower right corner, it is appropriate to use fixed ; and if you want a pop-up window to appear inside a certain area, you should use absolute .


Hierarchical relationships and detached document flow

Both will leave the elements out of the document stream, which means that their original location will not be retained and other elements will be arranged as if it does not exist.

However, in terms of hierarchy (z-index), if they are each in a different "cascade context", the actual display order may be more complicated. At this time, you should pay attention to the influence of the parent element, especially when using properties such as transform , filter or opacity , it may affect the hierarchical performance.


Suggestions for actual use scenarios

  • Use absolute to make absolute positioning inside components, such as drop-down menus, pop-up windows, icon overlays, etc.
  • Use fixed to make global fixed elements, such as navigation bar, floating ads, side toolbars, etc.

Tips:

  • If you find absolute is not positioned as expected, check whether its parent element has set position: relative or other non- static value
  • fixed may have compatibility issues in some browsers on mobile, especially when the virtual keyboard pops up

Basically, it’s all. Understanding their positioning mechanism will make it easier to use.

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