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Table of Contents
What does contain actually do?
When should you use contain?
What to watch out for
Home Web Front-end CSS Tutorial Describe the `contain` property

Describe the `contain` property

Jul 22, 2025 am 03:16 AM

The contain property in CSS improves performance and layout control by isolating elements.1. It limits layout, style, paint, and size operations within an element, allowing browser optimizations.2. Values include layout, paint, size, and style, each restricting specific behaviors.3. Combining values like contain: layout paint enhances efficiency for self-contained components such as cards or modals.4. Avoid using it on elements needing interaction with their surroundings like flex or grid children.5. Watch for overflow issues, sizing requirements, and test across browsers for compatibility.

Describe the `contain` property

The contain property in CSS is a way to tell the browser how much an element should be isolated from the rest of the page. It's useful for performance optimization and layout control, especially when dealing with large or complex web pages.

Describe the `contain` property

Here’s how it works and what you need to know.


What does contain actually do?

At its core, contain helps limit the scope of layout, style, paint, and size operations inside an element. When you apply contain, the browser can make optimizations because it knows that certain parts of the page won't affect others.

Describe the `contain` property

Think of it like sealing off a room during renovation — whatever happens in there doesn’t impact the rest of the house.

There are different values you can use:

Describe the `contain` property
  • layout: The internal layout won’t affect the outside.
  • paint: Only the content inside the element will be painted, even if something tries to overflow.
  • size: The element's size is set independently based on its contents (so it won’t grow or shrink unexpectedly).
  • style: Scoped styling so that animations or properties don’t cause global style recalculations.
  • You can also combine them like this: contain: layout paint;

When should you use contain?

You’ll get the most benefit from contain when working with components that are self-contained — things like cards, widgets, or modules that don’t rely heavily on their parent layout.

For example:

  • A reusable card component in a grid
  • A sidebar widget that has its own layout
  • A modal dialog that floats above everything else

In these cases, using contain: layout paint can help reduce unnecessary reflows and repaints, which makes your page feel faster.

However, avoid using contain on elements that need to interact closely with their surroundings — like flex or grid children that depend on sibling sizes.


What to watch out for

Using contain isn’t always straightforward. Here are some gotchas:

  • Overflow might not work as expected — If you use contain: paint, anything that overflows the element won’t show up at all. That includes tooltips, dropdowns, or absolutely positioned elements that extend beyond the container.

  • Size containment needs explicit sizing — If you use contain: size, the element won’t automatically adjust to fit its children unless you handle the dimensions yourself, usually through width or height declarations.

  • Browser support is solid but test anyway — Most modern browsers support contain, but it's still a good idea to test behavior across different environments, especially if you're targeting older platforms.


Basically, contain is a powerful tool for performance and encapsulation — just be aware of how it affects layout, painting, and interactions. Use it where appropriate, and you’ll likely see smoother rendering and better control over your UI components.

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