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  • What is the `read-only` and `read-write` pseudo-classes?
    What is the `read-only` and `read-write` pseudo-classes?
    :read-only and :read-write are pseudo-classes used to style based on whether the element is editable. 1.:read-only is used for non-editable elements such as input boxes with readonly attributes; 2.:read-write is used for editable elements such as normal text boxes and contenteditable areas; 3. They are suitable for form design, dynamic interfaces and conditional styles, but they need to be used with HTML attributes to ensure correct functions; 4. Modern browsers have good support, but early IE versions may not be compatible.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 647 2025-07-27 04:12:50
  • What is the CSS `writing-mode` property?
    What is the CSS `writing-mode` property?
    The writing-mode property of CSS realizes control over typesetting by changing the text flow direction and layout. Its main values include horizontal-tb (default, horizontal from left to right), vertical-rl (vertical from top to bottom, columns arranged to the left), vertical-lr (vertical from top to bottom, columns arranged to the right), sideways-rl (characters rotate 90 degrees clockwise) and sideways-lr (characters rotate 90 degrees counterclockwise). When using this property, it not only affects the text direction, but also affects the way block-level elements are stacked. In horizontal-tb, blocks are stacked vertically, while in vertical-rl and vertical-lr it is water.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 701 2025-07-27 04:11:40
  • How to pause a CSS animation on hover?
    How to pause a CSS animation on hover?
    To pause CSS animation, use the animation-play-state attribute; 1. Set animation-play-state:running by default to play animation; 2. Set animation-play-state:paused in the :hover pseudo-class to pause the animation; 3. After the mouse is moved out, the animation will automatically resume playback; this method is suitable for all CSS animations, and multiple animations can be controlled separately, so interactive effects can be achieved without JavaScript.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 854 2025-07-27 04:11:10
  • What is the `will-change` property and when should it be used?
    What is the `will-change` property and when should it be used?
    will-change optimizes rendering performance by prompting browser elements in advance, but should be used with caution. It can create new layers or enable GPU acceleration to improve animation fluency. It is suitable for elements and performance critical areas before and after complex animations, but excessive use can lead to excessive memory usage or aggravate inefficient animation problems. The correct way is to dynamically add and remove this property before and after changes with JavaScript.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 462 2025-07-27 04:08:40
  • How to disable text selection with CSS?
    How to disable text selection with CSS?
    To prohibit users from selecting text, you can use the user-select property of CSS and set it to none, and you need to pay attention to compatibility and usage scenarios. 1. Use the .no-select{user-select:none;} style and add to HTML elements; 2. Add -webkit-, -moz-, -ms- prefixes for compatible old browsers; 3. Be careful to avoid using this attribute in areas that require user interaction or copying to avoid affecting experience and accessibility.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 182 2025-07-27 04:07:51
  • css responsive navbar example
    css responsive navbar example
    The responsive navigation bar is implemented through pure CSS, and the answer is to use hidden check boxes and media query to control the display behavior of the menu on the mobile side. 1. The desktop side is displayed as a horizontal navigation menu, which is implemented through flex layout; 2. When the mobile side is below 768px, hide the menu and display the hamburger icon, and trigger the hidden checkbox through label; 3. Use the checked status and ~ selector to control the display and hiding of .nav-menu; 4. After clicking the hamburger icon, it can achieve animation effect through CSS transformation; 5. The menu uses absolute positioning to ensure display at the correct level. The entire solution does not require JavaScript, and the interactive logic that relies on CSS is complete and lightweight, suitable for static websites, and finally
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 528 2025-07-27 03:59:40
  • How to prevent Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) with CSS?
    How to prevent Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) with CSS?
    To reduce cumulative layout offset (CLS), space must be reserved for page elements in advance and dynamic layout changes must be avoided: 1. Set width and height for pictures and videos or use the aspect-ratio attribute to reserve space; 2. Avoid inserting elements above existing content, and use fixed positioning or pre-leave blanks; 3. Ensure stable font loading through @font-face's font-display and font metric overlay; 4. Clearly set the size for advertisements, embedded content, and iframes and use responsive aspect ratio containers; 5. Animation prioritizes properties such as transform and opacity that do not trigger rearrangement; 6. Reserve placeholders or minimum height containers for content dynamically loaded by JavaScript. Anyway,
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 890 2025-07-27 03:59:10
  • What is a stacking context?
    What is a stacking context?
    Astackingcontextisaself-containedlayerinCSSthatcontrolsthez-orderofoverlappingelements,wherenestedcontextsrestrictz-indexinteractions;itiscreatedbypropertieslikez-indexonpositionedelements,opacity
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 359 2025-07-27 03:55:20
  • Why is there a space between inline-block elements?
    Why is there a space between inline-block elements?
    Spaces are caused by HTML parsing newlines and spaces between inline-block elements into text nodes; 2. It can be eliminated by deleting whitespace characters in HTML, using HTML comments to connect tags, setting the parent container font-size: 0, using negative margin or using Flexbox layout; this behavior is a normal text rendering feature, not a CSS defect, and the fundamental reason lies in the HTML formatting method.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 235 2025-07-27 03:49:21
  • How to center text in CSS?
    How to center text in CSS?
    Use text-align:center to achieve horizontal centering of text; 2. Use Flexbox's align-items:center and justify-content:center to achieve vertical and horizontal centering; 3. Single-line text can be vertically centered by setting line-height equal to the container height; 4. Absolute positioning elements can be combined with top: 50%, left: 50% and transform:translate (-50%, -50%) to achieve centering; 5. CSSGrid's place-items:center can also achieve dual-axis centering at the same time. It is recommended to use Flexbox or Grid first in modern layouts.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 832 2025-07-27 03:16:01
  • css loader or spinner example
    css loader or spinner example
    This is a lightweight loading animation implemented in pure CSS. 1. Create a div container using HTML; 2. Set a circular border through CSS and color only the top; 3. Use @keyframes animation to continuously rotate elements; 4. Customize size, speed and color; 5. Center display through Flex layout; 6. Dynamically control display and hiding in combination with JavaScript, suitable for form submission, data loading and other scenarios, complete and no external dependencies are required.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 446 2025-07-27 03:06:11
  • css box-decoration-break example
    css box-decoration-break example
    box-decoration-break is a CSS attribute that controls how elements are displayed when they are line-breaked, paging or cropped. Its default value is slice (disconnected display). When using clone value, each segment of the line-breaked inline element can independently render the background, border, rounded corners and other styles. 1. When an inline element such as a span is broken by text wrapping, the background and rounded corners will be cut at the breakpoint by default; 2. After setting box-decoration-break:clone, each line of fragment will fully display the background color, rounded corners and inner margins, which is more visually like multiple independent highlighted labels; 3. This attribute is particularly effective for inline elements and is often used to highlight long text, print pages and custom inline.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 282 2025-07-27 02:59:51
  • How to create a tooltip with CSS
    How to create a tooltip with CSS
    The key to using CSS to create a tooltip is to match structure and style. The common method is to combine HTML and CSS implementation. 1. Basic structure: The tooltip is triggered through elements with class names, and the .tooltip and .tooltiptext cooperate, the prompt content is hidden by default and displayed when the mouse is hovered. 2. Prompt position control: Adjust the position attribute to display up, down, left and right directions, and use the ::after pseudo-element to add triangle arrows to enhance the visual effect. 3. More tips include setting delays, handling mobile compatibility issues, keeping content concise and unifying color font styles. If you need complex interactions, you can use JavaScript libraries such as Tooltip.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 939 2025-07-27 02:56:40
  • How to purge unused CSS?
    How to purge unused CSS?
    UseautomatedtoolslikePurgeCSSorUnCSStoscanandremoveunusedCSS;2.IntegratepurgingintoyourbuildprocessviaWebpack,Vite,orTailwind’scontentconfiguration;3.AuditCSSusagewithChromeDevToolsCoveragetabbeforepurgingtoavoidremovingneededstyles;4.Safelistdynamic
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 938 2025-07-27 02:47:30

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