Use tools to explore the inner world of golang functions
May 06, 2024 pm 01:51 PM
pprof tool can help us analyze the inner working principle of Go function. We can use it to: obtain the function call graph and understand the calling relationship. Analyze function performance and identify bottlenecks. Optimize function memory allocation and reduce memory usage.
Use tools to explore the inner world of Go functions
Prerequisites:
- Go has been installed Programming language
- [pprof](https://github.com/google/pprof) installed Tools
Why do you need tools?
Debugging Go functions can be a painstaking process. The pprof tool helps us collect and analyze data about the performance and memory usage of running programs. By studying this data, we can understand the inner workings of a function and identify hidden performance bottlenecks.
Exploring inside the function
- Get the function call graph:
package main
import (
"log"
"runtime/pprof"
"time"
)
func f1() {
time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
f2()
}
func f2() {
time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
}
func main() {
//Profile函數(shù)調用
if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(os.Stdout); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
f1()
}Operation:
- Run the program:
go run main.go - Generate the call graph:
go tool pprof -callgrind main.go cpu.pprof
- Analysis function performance:
package main
import (
"log"
"os"
"runtime/pprof"
"time"
)
func f1() {
time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
f2()
}
func f2() {
time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
}
func main() {
//Profile程序性能
if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(os.Stdout); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
f1()
}Operation:
- Run the program:
go run main.go - Generate performance analysis:
go tool pprof -web main.go cpu.pprof
Practical case:
Optimization function memory allocation:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"runtime/pprof"
"strings"
"time"
)
func main() {
//啟動內存使用狀況分析
if err := pprof.StartHeapProfile(os.Stdout); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
//使用帶有大量字符串的切片
giantSlice := make([]string, 1000000)
for i := range giantSlice {
giantSlice[i] = strings.Repeat("hello", 100)
}
//暫停一段時間以顯示內存使用情況
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
//停止內存分析
pprof.StopHeapProfile()
}Operation:
- Run the program:
go run main.go - Generate memory usage analysis:
go tool pprof -heap main.go mem.pprof
Conclusion:
By using the pprof tool, we can gain insight into the inner workings of Go functions. We can analyze function call graphs, performance and memory usage to help us optimize our code and identify performance bottlenecks.
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