There are four common methods to obtain the first element of std::vector: 1. Use the front() method to ensure that the vector is not empty, has clear semantics and is recommended for daily use; 2. Use the subscript [0], and it also needs to be judged empty, with the performance comparable to front() but slightly weaker semantics; 3. Use *begin(), which is suitable for generic programming and STL algorithms; 4. Use at(0), without manually null judgment, but low performance, and throw exceptions when crossing the boundary, which is suitable for debugging or exception handling; the best practice is to call empty() first to check whether it is empty, and then use the front() method to obtain the first element to avoid undefined behavior.

The core of PHP's development of AI text summary is to call external AI service APIs (such as OpenAI, HuggingFace) as a coordinator to realize text preprocessing, API requests, response analysis and result display; 2. The limitation is that the computing performance is weak and the AI ecosystem is weak. The response strategy is to leverage APIs, service decoupling and asynchronous processing; 3. Model selection needs to weigh summary quality, cost, delay, concurrency, data privacy, and abstract models such as GPT or BART/T5 are recommended; 4. Performance optimization includes cache, asynchronous queues, batch processing and nearby area selection. Error processing needs to cover current limit retry, network timeout, key security, input verification and logging to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the system.

Bit operation can efficiently implement the underlying operation of integers, 1. Check whether the i-th bit is 1: Use n&(1

The C standard library helps developers improve code quality by providing efficient tools. 1. STL containers should be selected according to the scene, such as vector suitable for continuous storage, list suitable for frequent insertion and deletion, and unordered_map is suitable for fast search; 2. Standard library algorithms such as sort, find, and transform can improve efficiency and reduce errors; 3. Intelligent pointers unique_ptr and shared_ptr effectively manage memory to avoid leakage; 4. Other tools such as optional, variant, and function enhance code security and expressiveness. Mastering these core functions can significantly optimize development efficiency and code quality.

Functions are the basic unit of organizing code in C, used to realize code reuse and modularization; 1. Functions are created through declarations and definitions, such as intadd(inta,intb) returns the sum of the two numbers; 2. Pass parameters when calling the function, and return the result of the corresponding type after the function is executed; 3. The function without return value uses void as the return type, such as voidgreet(stringname) for outputting greeting information; 4. Using functions can improve code readability, avoid duplication and facilitate maintenance, which is the basic concept of C programming.

std::is_same is used to determine whether the two types are exactly the same at compile time and return a bool value. 1. In the basic usage, std::is_same::value is true when T and U are exactly the same, otherwise it is false. Different modifiers such as const, reference, pointer, etc. will cause false; 2. You can remove the type modification with std::remove_const, std::remove_reference and other types, and then compare it to achieve more flexible type judgment; 3. It is often used in template metaprogramming in practical applications, such as conditional compilation with ifconstexpr, and perform different logic according to different types; 4.

decltype is a keyword used by C 11 to deduce expression types at compile time. The derivation results are accurate and do not perform type conversion. 1. decltype(expression) only analyzes types and does not calculate expressions; 2. Deduce the variable name decltype(x) as a declaration type, while decltype((x)) is deduced as x due to lvalue expression; 3. It is often used in templates to deduce the return value through tail-set return type auto-> decltype(t u); 4. Complex type declarations can be simplified in combination with auto, such as decltype(vec.begin())it=vec.begin(); 5. Avoid hard-coded classes in templates

This article introduces in detail how to use jQuery to implement the "Select All/No Select All" function of multiple sets of check boxes to ensure that each set of check boxes is operated in an independent HTML container without affecting each other. By adding specific class names to the parent container and the "Select All" check box, combined with jQuery's event listening, DOM traversal and property operations, we can control the selected status of all check boxes in the same group when clicking "Select All" and reverse linkage, that is, when all check boxes in the same group are automatically selected, or when any check box is unchecked, "Select All" is automatically cancelled.