How to implement robot control and robot navigation in C?

Robot control and navigation are a very important part of robotics technology. In the C programming language, we can use various libraries and frameworks to implement robot control and navigation. This article will introduce how to use C to write code examples for controlling robots and implementing navigation functions.

1. Robot control

In C, we can use serial communication or network communication to control the robot. The following is a sample code that uses serial port communication to control robot movement:

include

include

include

int main() {

std::string portName = "/dev/ttyUSB0";  // 串口設(shè)備名稱
SerialPort serialPort(portName);

if (!serialPort.isOpen()) {
    std::cerr << "Failed to open serial port." << std::endl;
    return -1;
}

std::cout << "Serial port is open." << std::endl;

// 發(fā)送控制指令
std::string command = "FWD";  // 向前運(yùn)動(dòng)指令
serialPort.write(command);

// 接收機(jī)器人狀態(tài)
std::string status = serialPort.read();

std::cout << "Robot status: " << status << std::endl;

serialPort.close();

return 0;

}

In the above code, we first create an instance of the SerialPort class and specify the name of the serial port device to be used. Then, we use the isOpen() function to check whether the serial port is opened successfully. If it is opened successfully, we can use the write() function to send control instructions to the robot and the read() function to receive status information from the robot. Finally, we use the close() function to close the serial port.

2. Robot Navigation

Implementing robot navigation usually requires the help of some navigation algorithms and sensor data. The following is a code example that uses the A* algorithm to implement robot path planning:

include

include

include

struct Node {

int x, y;  // 節(jié)點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)
int f, g, h;  // f值、g值、h值
Node* parent;  // 父節(jié)點(diǎn)指針

Node(int x, int y)
    : x(x), y(y), f(0), g(0), h(0), parent(nullptr)
{}

bool operator<(const Node& other) const {
    return f > other.f;  // 優(yōu)先級(jí)隊(duì)列按f值從小到大排序
}

};

std::vector findPath(const std::vector>& map, const Node& start, const Node& end) {

std::vector<Node> path;
std::priority_queue<Node> openList;
std::vector<Node> closedList(map.size(), std::vector<Node>(map[0].size()));

openList.push(start);

while (!openList.empty()) {
    Node current = openList.top();
    openList.pop();
    closedList[current.x][current.y] = current;

    if (current.x == end.x && current.y == end.y) {
        // 找到目標(biāo)節(jié)點(diǎn)
        Node* node = &closedList[current.x][current.y];
        while (node != nullptr) {
            path.push_back(*node);
            node = node->parent;
        }

        std::reverse(path.begin(), path.end());
        return path;
    }

    // 生成周圍節(jié)點(diǎn)
    for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; ++dx) {
        for (int dy = -1; dy <= 1; ++dy) {
            if (dx == 0 && dy == 0) {
                continue;
            }

            int newX = current.x + dx;
            int newY = current.y + dy;

            if (newX >= 0 && newX < map.size() && newY >= 0 && newY < map[0].size() && map[newX][newY] == 0) {
                Node neighbor(newX, newY);
                neighbor.g = current.g + 1;
                neighbor.h = abs(newX - end.x) + abs(newY - end.y);
                neighbor.f = neighbor.g + neighbor.h;
                neighbor.parent = &closedList[current.x][current.y];

                if (closedList[newX][newY].f == 0 || closedList[newX][newY].f > neighbor.f) {
                    openList.push(neighbor);
                    closedList[newX][newY] = neighbor;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

return path;  // 沒(méi)有找到路徑

}

int main() {

std::vector<std::vector<int>> map = {
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
};

Node start(0, 0);
Node end(4, 4);

std::vector<Node> path = findPath(map, start, end);

for (const auto& node : path) {
    std::cout << "(" << node.x << ", " << node.y << ")" << std::endl;
}

return 0;

}

In the above code, we define a Node structure represents the nodes in the map. Using the A* algorithm, we find a path from the start point to the end point in the map. Among them, the map is represented by a two-dimensional array, 0 represents the path that can be passed, and 1 represents obstacles. The function findPath() will return the path from the starting point to the end point, and save the path in the path vector by traversing the parent node pointer. Finally, we output the coordinates of each node on the path.

Summary:

Through the above sample code, we have learned how to use C to implement the control and navigation functions of the robot. Robot control can be achieved using serial communication or network communication, and the robot is controlled by sending control instructions and receiving robot status information. Robot navigation can realize the robot's navigation function through path planning with the help of various navigation algorithms and sensor data. I hope this article can help readers implement robot control and robot navigation in C.

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