How to configure and use the map module in Nginx server
May 21, 2023 pm 05:14 PM
map指令使用ngx_http_map_module模塊提供的。默認情況下，nginx有加載這個模塊，除非人為的 --without-http_map_module。
ngx_http_map_module模塊可以創(chuàng)建變量，這些變量的值與另外的變量值相關聯(lián)。允許分類或者同時映射多個值到多個不同值并儲存到一個變量中，map指令用來創(chuàng)建變量，但是僅在變量被接受的時候執(zhí)行視圖映射操作，對于處理沒有引用變量的請求時，這個模塊并沒有性能上的缺失。
一. ngx_http_map_module模塊指令說明
map
語法: map $var1 $var2 { ... }
默認值: —
配置段: http
map為一個變量設置的映射表。映射表由兩列組成，匹配模式和對應的值。
在 map 塊里的參數(shù)指定了源變量值和結果值的對應關系。
匹配模式可以是一個簡單的字符串或者正則表達式，使用正則表達式要用('~')。
一個正則表達式如果以 “~” 開頭，表示這個正則表達式對大小寫敏感。以 “~*”開頭，表示這個正則表達式對大小寫不敏感。
map $http_user_agent $agent {
default "";
~curl curl;
~*apachebench" ab;
}正則表達式里可以包含命名捕獲和位置捕獲，這些變量可以跟結果變量一起被其它指令使用。
map $uri $value {
/ttlsa_com /index.php;
~^/ttlsa_com/(?<suffix>.*)$ /boy/;
~/fz(/.*) /index.php?;
}在 map 塊內(nèi)部，無法使用命名捕獲或位置捕獲變量。如~^/ttlsa_com/(.*) /boy/$1; 這樣會報錯nginx: [emerg] unknown variable。如果源變量值包含特殊字符，例如"~"，則需要使用轉義字符"\"來轉義。
map $http_referer $value {
mozilla 111;
\~mozilla 222;
}結果變量可以是一個字符串也可以是另外一個變量。
map $num $limit {
1 $binary_remote_addr;
0 "";
}map指令有三個參數(shù)：
default ： 指定如果沒有匹配結果將使用的默認值。當沒有設置 default，將會用一個空的字符串作為默認的結果。
hostnames ： 允許用前綴或者后綴掩碼指定域名作為源變量值。這個參數(shù)必須寫在值映射列表的最前面。
include ： 包含一個或多個含有映射值的文件。
如果匹配到多個特定的變量，如掩碼和正則同時匹配，那么會按照下面的順序進行選擇：
1. 沒有掩碼的字符串
2. 最長的帶前綴的字符串，例如: “*.example.com”
3. 最長的帶后綴的字符串，例如：“mail.*”
4. 按順序第一個先匹配的正則表達式 （在配置文件中體現(xiàn)的順序）
5. 默認值
map_hash_bucket_size
語法: map_hash_bucket_size size;
默認值: map_hash_bucket_size 32|64|128;
配置段: http
指定一個映射表中的變量在哈希表中的最大值，這個值取決于處理器的緩存。
map_hash_max_size
語法: map_hash_max_size size;
默認值: map_hash_max_size 2048;
配置段: http
設置映射表對應的哈希表的最大值。
二. 實例
http {
map $http_user_agent $agent {
~curl curl;
~*chrome chrome;
}
server {
listen 8080;
server_name test.ttlsa.com;
location /hello {
default_type text/plain;
echo http_user_agent: $http_user_agent;
echo agent: agent:$agent;
}
}
}# curl 127.0.0.1:8080/hello
http_user_agent: curl/7.15.5 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.15.5 openssl/0.9.8b zlib/1.2.3 libidn/0.6.5 agent: curl
http {
map $uri $match {
~^/hello/(.*) http://www.ttlsa.com/;
}
server {
listen 8080;
server_name test.ttlsa.com;
location /hello {
default_type text/plain;
echo uri: $uri;
echo match: $match;
echo capture: $1;
echo new: $match$1;
}
}
}
ps：基于map指令和geo指令的限速白名單配置
http {
geo $whiteiplist {
default 1;
127.0.0.1 0;
10.0.0.0/8 0;
121.207.242.0/24 0;
}
map $whiteiplist $limit {
1 $binary_remote_addr;
0 "";
}
limit_conn_zone $limit zone=limit:10m;
server {
listen 8080;
server_name test.ttlsa.com;
location ^~ /ttlsa.com/ {
limit_conn limit 4;
limit_rate 200k;
alias /data/www.ttlsa.com/data/download/;
}
}
}技術要點：
1. geo指令定義一個白名單$whiteiplist, 默認值為1, 所有都受限制。 如果客戶端ip與白名單列出的ip相匹配，則$whiteiplist值為0也就是不受限制。
2. map指令是將$whiteiplist值為1的，也就是受限制的ip，映射為客戶端ip。將$whiteiplist值為0的，也就是白名單ip，映射為空的字符串。
3. limit_conn_zone和limit_req_zone指令對于鍵為空值的將會被忽略，從而實現(xiàn)對于列出來的ip不做限制。
測試方法：
# ab -c 100 -n 300 http://test.ttlsa.com:8080/ttlsa.com/docs/pdf/nginx_guide.pdf
The above is the detailed content of How to configure and use the map module in Nginx server. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
Hot AI Tools
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
How to execute php code after writing php code? Several common ways to execute php code
May 23, 2025 pm 08:33 PM
PHP code can be executed in many ways: 1. Use the command line to directly enter the "php file name" to execute the script; 2. Put the file into the document root directory and access it through the browser through the web server; 3. Run it in the IDE and use the built-in debugging tool; 4. Use the online PHP sandbox or code execution platform for testing.
After installing Nginx, the configuration file path and initial settings
May 16, 2025 pm 10:54 PM
Understanding Nginx's configuration file path and initial settings is very important because it is the first step in optimizing and managing a web server. 1) The configuration file path is usually /etc/nginx/nginx.conf. The syntax can be found and tested using the nginx-t command. 2) The initial settings include global settings (such as user, worker_processes) and HTTP settings (such as include, log_format). These settings allow customization and extension according to requirements. Incorrect configuration may lead to performance issues and security vulnerabilities.
How to limit user resources in Linux? How to configure ulimit?
May 29, 2025 pm 11:09 PM
Linux system restricts user resources through the ulimit command to prevent excessive use of resources. 1.ulimit is a built-in shell command that can limit the number of file descriptors (-n), memory size (-v), thread count (-u), etc., which are divided into soft limit (current effective value) and hard limit (maximum upper limit). 2. Use the ulimit command directly for temporary modification, such as ulimit-n2048, but it is only valid for the current session. 3. For permanent effect, you need to modify /etc/security/limits.conf and PAM configuration files, and add sessionrequiredpam_limits.so. 4. The systemd service needs to set Lim in the unit file
What are the Debian Nginx configuration skills?
May 29, 2025 pm 11:06 PM
When configuring Nginx on Debian system, the following are some practical tips: The basic structure of the configuration file global settings: Define behavioral parameters that affect the entire Nginx service, such as the number of worker threads and the permissions of running users. Event handling part: Deciding how Nginx deals with network connections is a key configuration for improving performance. HTTP service part: contains a large number of settings related to HTTP service, and can embed multiple servers and location blocks. Core configuration options worker_connections: Define the maximum number of connections that each worker thread can handle, usually set to 1024. multi_accept: Activate the multi-connection reception mode and enhance the ability of concurrent processing. s
NGINX's Purpose: Serving Web Content and More
May 08, 2025 am 12:07 AM
NGINXserveswebcontentandactsasareverseproxy,loadbalancer,andmore.1)ItefficientlyservesstaticcontentlikeHTMLandimages.2)Itfunctionsasareverseproxyandloadbalancer,distributingtrafficacrossservers.3)NGINXenhancesperformancethroughcaching.4)Itofferssecur
Nginx Troubleshooting: Diagnosing and Resolving Common Errors
May 05, 2025 am 12:09 AM
Diagnosis and solutions for common errors of Nginx include: 1. View log files, 2. Adjust configuration files, 3. Optimize performance. By analyzing logs, adjusting timeout settings and optimizing cache and load balancing, errors such as 404, 502, 504 can be effectively resolved to improve website stability and performance.
What are the SEO optimization techniques for Debian Apache2?
May 28, 2025 pm 05:03 PM
DebianApache2's SEO optimization skills cover multiple levels. Here are some key methods: Keyword research: Use tools (such as keyword magic tools) to mine the core and auxiliary keywords of the page. High-quality content creation: produce valuable and original content, and the content needs to be conducted in-depth research to ensure smooth language and clear format. Content layout and structure optimization: Use titles and subtitles to guide reading. Write concise and clear paragraphs and sentences. Use the list to display key information. Combining multimedia such as pictures and videos to enhance expression. The blank design improves the readability of text. Technical level SEO improvement: robots.txt file: Specifies the access rights of search engine crawlers. Accelerate web page loading: optimized with the help of caching mechanism and Apache configuration
How to implement automated deployment of Docker on Debian
May 28, 2025 pm 04:33 PM
Implementing Docker's automated deployment on Debian system can be done in a variety of ways. Here are the detailed steps guide: 1. Install Docker First, make sure your Debian system remains up to date: sudoaptupdatesudoaptupgrade-y Next, install the necessary software packages to support APT access to the repository via HTTPS: sudoaptinstallapt-transport-httpsca-certificatecurlsoftware-properties-common-y Import the official GPG key of Docker: curl-
