In Linux, the find command is used to find files in a specified directory. The basic syntax is "find path -option..". Any string before the parameter will be regarded as the directory name to be found; if you use this command without setting any parameters, the find command will search for subdirectories and files in the current directory.

#The operating environment of this tutorial: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1 system, Dell G3 computer.

Linux find command is used to find files in the specified directory.

find command format:

find   path  -option  【 -print 】  【 -exec   -ok   |xargs  |grep  】 【  command  {} \;  】

find command parameters:

1)path: The directory path to be searched.

• ???????? ~ represents the $HOME directory
• ???? . represents the current directory
• ???????? / represents the root directory

2 ) print: Indicates outputting the results to standard output.

3) exec: Execute the shell command given by this parameter on the matching file.

The form is command {} \;, Note that there is a space between {} and \;

4) ok: has the same effect as exec ,

The difference is that before executing the command, a prompt will be given to let the user confirm whether to execute it

5)|xargs It has the same function as exec and serves as a successor

The difference is that |xargs is mainly used to undertake deletion operations, while -exec can be used for copying, moving, renaming, etc.

6)options : Indicates the search method

options Commonly used options include the following options:

-name   filename               #查找名為filename的文件
 -perm                                #按執(zhí)行權(quán)限來查找
 -user    username             #按文件屬主來查找
 -group groupname            #按組來查找
 -mtime   -n +n                   #按文件
更改時(shí)間
來查找文件，-n指n天以內(nèi)，+n指n天以前
 -atime    -n +n                   #按文件
訪問時(shí)間
來查找文件，-n指n天以內(nèi)，+n指n天以前
 -ctime    -n +n                  #按文件
創(chuàng)建時(shí)間
來查找文件，-n指n天以內(nèi)，+n指n天以前
 -nogroup                          #查無有效屬組的文件，即文件的屬組在/etc/groups中不存在
 -nouser                            #查無有效屬主的文件，即文件的屬主在/etc/passwd中不存
 -type    b/d/c/p/l/f             #查是塊設(shè)備、目錄、字符設(shè)備、管道、符號(hào)鏈接、普通文件
 -size      n[c]                    #查長度為n塊[或n字節(jié)]的文件
 -mount                            #查文件時(shí)不跨越文件系統(tǒng)mount點(diǎn)
 -follow                            #如果遇到符號(hào)鏈接文件，就跟蹤鏈接所指的文件
 -prune                            #忽略某個(gè)目錄

Any string before the parameter will be regarded as the directory name to be searched. If you use this command without setting any parameters, the find command will search for subdirectories and files in the current directory. And all found subdirectories and files will be displayed.

Here are some simple examples to introduce the common usage of find:

1. Search by name
In the current directory and subdirectories, search for uppercase letters txt files starting with letters
##

$ find . -name '[A-Z]*.txt' -print 　　

In /etc and its subdirectories, search for files starting with host

$ find /etc -name 'host*' -print 　

In the $HOME directory and its subdirectories, search for all files

$ find ~ -name '*' -print

In the current directory and subdirectories, search for txt files that do not start with out

$ find . -name "out*" -prune -o -name "*.txt" -print

2. Search by directory

Search for txt files in subdirectories of the current directory except aa

$ find . -path "./aa" -prune -o -name "*.txt" -print 　

In the current directory and Search for txt files in subdirectories other than aa and bb

 $ find . \( -path './dir0' -o -path './dir1' \) -a -prune -o -name '*.txt' -print

Note: Required in both 1 and 2 Add spaces, otherwise an error will appear as shown in the picture

You can add -a in the 3 places without adding -a In the current directory, no longer in the subdirectory, Find txt files

$ find . ! -name "." -type d -prune -o -type f -name "*.txt" -print

or

find . -name *.txt -type f -print

Friendly link: Detailed explanation of find command -path -prune usage in Linux

3. Search by permissions

In the current directory and subdirectories, search for files whose owner has read-write execution permissions and other files with read-write execution permissions

$find . -perm 755 -print

Find files where the user has write permissions Permissions or files or directories that group users have write permissions

find ./ -perm /220       
find ./ -perm /u+w,g+w       
find ./ -perm /u=w,g=w

4. Search by type (b/d/c/p/l/f)

In the current directory and sub-directories Directory, search for symbolic link files

 $ find . -type l -print

5. By owner and group

Search for files whose owner is www

$ find / -user www -type f -print

Search for attributes Main deleted files

$ find / -nouser -type f -print

Find files belonging to group mysql

$ find / -group mysql -type f -print

Find deleted files of user group

$ find / -nogroup -type f -print

6. Search by time
Find files that have been changed within 2 days

$ find . -mtime -2 -type f -print 　　

Find files that have been changed 2 days ago

 $ find . -mtime +2 -type f -print

Find files that have been accessed within one day

$ find . -atime -1 -type f -print

Find files that have been accessed one day ago

 $ find . -atime +1 -type f -print 　

Find files whose status has been changed within one day

$ find . -ctime -1 -type f -print 　　

Find Files whose status was changed one day ago

$ find . -ctime +1 -type f -print 　

查找10分鐘以前狀態(tài)被改變的文件

$ find . -cmin +10 -type f -print

7、按文件新舊 　　

查找比 aa.txt 新的文件

$ find . -newer "aa.txt" -type f -print 　　

查找比 aa.txt 舊的文件

$ find . ! -newer "aa.txt" -type f -print 　　

查找比aa.txt新，比bb.txt舊的文件

$ find . -newer 'aa.txt' ! -newer 'bb.txt' -type f -print

8、按大小查找 　　

查找超過1M的文件

$ find / -size +1M -type f -print 　　

查找等于6字節(jié)的文件

$ find . -size 6c -print 　　

查找小于32k的文件

$ find . -size -32k -print

9、執(zhí)行命令 　　

1）查找 del.txt 并刪除，刪除前提示確認(rèn)

$ find . -name 'del.txt' -ok rm {} \; 　

2） 查找 aa.txt 并備份為aa.txt.bak

$ find . -name 'aa.txt' -exec cp {} {}.bak \;

3）查當(dāng)前目錄下的所有普通文件

    # find . -type f -exec ls -l {} \; 
    -rw-r–r–    1 root      root         34928 2003-02-25   ./conf/httpd.conf 
    -rw-r–r–    1 root      root         12959 2003-02-25   ./conf/magic 
    -rw-r–r–    1 root      root          180 2003-02-25   ./conf.d/README

查當(dāng)前目錄下的所有普通文件，并在 - exec 選項(xiàng)中使用 ls -l 命令將它們列出

4）在 /logs 目錄中查找更改時(shí)間在5日以前的文件并刪除它們

$ find logs -type f -mtime +5 -exec   -ok   rm {} \;

5）查詢當(dāng)天修改過的文件

# find   ./   -mtime   -1   -type f   -exec   ls -l   {} \;

6）查詢文件并詢問是否要顯示

# find   ./   -mtime   -1   -type f   -ok   ls -l   {} \;  
    < ls … ./classDB.inc.php > ? y
    -rw-r–r–    1 cnscn    cnscn       13709   1月 12 12:22 ./classDB.inc.php
    # find   ./   -mtime   -1   -type f   -ok   ls -l   {} \;  
    < ls … ./classDB.inc.php > ? n

關(guān)于 有沒有 -print 的區(qū)別

加 -print

查找目錄并列出目錄下的文件(為找到的每一個(gè)目錄單獨(dú)執(zhí)行l(wèi)s命令，沒有選項(xiàng)-print時(shí)文件列表前一行不會(huì)顯示目錄名稱)

find /home -type d -print -exec ls {} \;

不加 -print

相關(guān)推薦：《Linux視頻教程》

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