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Home Java Javagetting Started What are the commonly used file operations in java?

What are the commonly used file operations in java?

Nov 27, 2020 pm 03:30 PM
java document

What are the commonly used file operations in java?

我們先來介紹一下字節(jié)流和字符流的概念及區(qū)別:

(學習視頻分享:java教學視頻

區(qū)別字節(jié)流和字符流概念

字節(jié)流:字節(jié)流讀取的時候,讀到一個字節(jié)就返回一個字節(jié);主要用于讀取圖片,MP3,AVI視頻文件。

字符流:字符流使用了字節(jié)流讀到一個或多個字節(jié),如讀取中文時,就會一次讀取2個字節(jié)。只要是處理純文本數(shù)據(jù),就要優(yōu)先考慮使用字符流。

字節(jié)流和字符流區(qū)別

字節(jié)流操作的基本單元為字節(jié);字符流操作的基本單元為Unicode碼元。字節(jié)流默認不使用緩沖區(qū);字符流使用緩沖區(qū)。字節(jié)流通常用于處理二進制數(shù)據(jù),實際上它可以處理任意類型的數(shù)據(jù),但它不支持直接寫入或讀取Unicode碼元;字符流通常處理文本數(shù)據(jù),它支持寫入及讀取Unicode碼元。

文件常用操作:

創(chuàng)建、刪除文件夾

String path = "F:\\test";
File myFile = new File(path);

if (!myFile.exists()) {
    // 創(chuàng)建文件夾
    myFile.mkdir();
    // myFile.mkdirs();

    // 刪除文件夾
    myFile.delete();
}

// mkdirs()可以建立多級文件夾, mkdir()只會建立一級的文件夾

創(chuàng)建、刪除文件

String content = "Hello World";

// 第一種方法:根據(jù)文件路徑和文件名
String path = "F:\\test";
String filename = "test.txt";
File myFile = new File(path,filename);

// 第二種方法
String file = "F:\\test\\test.txt";
File myFile = new File(file);

if (!myFile.exists()) {
    // 創(chuàng)建文件(前提是目錄已存在,若不在,需新建目錄即文件夾)
    myFile.createNewFile();

    // 刪除文件
    myFile.delete();
}

寫入文件

// 第一種:字節(jié)流FileOutputStream
FileOutputStream fop = new FileOutputStream(myFile); 
byte[] contentInBytes = content.getBytes();
fop.write(contentInBytes);  
fop.flush();  
fop.close(); 

// 第二種:FileWriter(參數(shù)true為追加內(nèi)容,若無則是覆蓋內(nèi)容)
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(myFile,true);
fw.write(content);
fw.close();

// 第三種:BufferedWriter
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(myFile,true));
bw.write(content);  
bw.flush();  
bw.close(); 

// 第四種:打印流PrintStream和PrintWriter
// 字節(jié)打印流:PrintStream
// 字符打印流:PrintWriter

PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(myFile,true));   
pw.println(content);      // 換行
pw.print(content);        // 不換行
pw.close();

// 常用BufferedWriter和PrintWriter

讀取文件

FileInputStream

// 第一種:以字節(jié)為單位讀取文件,常用于讀二進制文件,如圖片、聲音、影像等文件。 
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(myFile);

// 一次讀一個字節(jié)
int tempbyte;  
while ((tempbyte = in.read()) != -1) {  
    System.out.write(tempbyte);  
}  
in.close();

// 一次讀多個字節(jié)
int byteread = 0;
byte[] tempbytes = new byte[100];
ReadFromFile.showAvailableBytes(in);
while ((byteread = in.read(tempbytes)) != -1) {  
    System.out.write(tempbytes, 0, byteread);  
}  

// System.out.write()方法是字符流,System.out.println()方法是字節(jié)流

InputStreamReader

// 第二種:以字符為單位讀取文件,常用于讀文本,數(shù)字等類型的文件 
Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(myFile)); 

// 一次讀一個字節(jié)
int tempchar;  
while ((tempchar = reader.read()) != -1) {  
    // 對于windows下,\r\n這兩個字符在一起時,表示一個換行。  
    // 但如果這兩個字符分開顯示時,會換兩次行。  
    // 因此,屏蔽掉\r,或者屏蔽\n。否則,將會多出很多空行。  
    if (((char) tempchar) != '\r') {  
        System.out.print((char) tempchar);  
    }  
}  
reader.close();

// 一次讀多個字節(jié)
char[] tempchars = new char[30];  
int charread = 0;  
// 讀入多個字符到字符數(shù)組中,charread為一次讀取字符數(shù)  
while ((charread = reader.read(tempchars)) != -1) {  
    // 同樣屏蔽掉\r不顯示  
    if ((charread == tempchars.length) && (tempchars[tempchars.length - 1] != '\r')) {  
        System.out.print(tempchars);  
    } else {  
        for (int i = 0; i < charread; i++) {  
            if (tempchars[i] == &#39;\r&#39;) {  
                continue;  
            } else {  
                System.out.print(tempchars[i]);  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}

BufferedReader

// 第三種:以行為單位讀取文件,常用于讀面向行的格式化文件 
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(myFile));
String tempString = null;  
int line = 1;  
// 一次讀入一行,直到讀入null為文件結(jié)束  
while ((tempString = reader.readLine()) != null) {  
    // 顯示行號  
    System.out.println("line " + line + ": " + tempString);  
    line++;  
}  
reader.close();  

// 常用BufferedReader

遍歷文件(以刪除一個文件夾下所有文件為例)

File[] files=myFile.listFiles();   
for(int i=0;i<files.length;i++){   
    if(files[i].isDirectory()){   
        files[i].delete();   
    }   
}

文件函數(shù):

//判斷文件是否存在  
myFile.exists()

//讀取文件名稱  
myFile.getName()

//讀取文件路徑(相對路徑)  
myFile.getPath()

//讀取文件絕對路徑  
myFile.getAbsolutePath()

//讀取文件的父級路徑  
new File(myFile.getAbsolutePath()).getParent()

//讀取文件的大小  
myFile.length()

//判斷文件是否被隱藏  
myFile.isHidden()

//判斷文件是否可讀  
myFile.canRead()

//判斷文件是否可寫  
myFile.canWrite()

//判斷文件是否為文件夾  
myFile.isDirectory()

相關推薦:java入門教程

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