The core process of using JWT in a Vue project includes: obtaining and saving tokens, carrying tokens in requests, parsing token information, and processing token expiration. 1. After logging in successfully, get the JWT from the backend and save it to localStorage or sessionStorage; 2. Use the axios interceptor to automatically add the token to the request header; 3. If you need to read user information, you can parse the payload part of the token through the tool function; 4. Check whether the token expires. If it expires, clear the token or try to refresh. At the same time, you can handle 401 errors uniformly in the response interceptor.
Using JWT (JSON Web Token) in Vue projects is not complicated. The key is to understand its role and handling in the entire application process. JWT is mainly used for authentication. After the front-end gets the token, it needs to be saved and parsed, and it is brought with you every time you request it.
How to get and save JWT?
Normally, the front-end will obtain the JWT from the back-end interface after the user logs in successfully. This token is a string, for example: eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.xxxxxx .
After getting the token, it is recommended to save it in localStorage or sessionStorage :
-
localStorage: suitable for login of "Remember me" class, closing the browser will not clear -
sessionStorage: Only valid in the current session, closing the tab will fail
localStorage.setItem('token', jwtToken);
Be careful not to save the token in Vuex without persisting, otherwise the page refresh status will be lost.
How to bring JWT in the request?
Vue projects generally use axios to initiate network requests. It is recommended to add tokens to the header through axios interceptor.
For example:
import axios from 'axios';
const apiClient = axios.create({
baseURL: '/api',
});
apiClient.interceptors.request.use(config => {
const token = localStorage.getItem('token');
if (token) {
config.headers['Authorization'] = `Bearer ${token}`;
}
return config;
}); In this way, all requests made through apiClient will be automatically brought token, and there is no need to add them manually every time.
Is it necessary to parse JWT?
Sometimes we need to read the information in the token, such as user ID, permissions, etc. Since JWT is base64 encoded, you can write a simple tool function to parse:
function parseJwt(token) {
const base64Url = token.split('.')[1];
const base64 = base64Url.replace(/-/g, ' ').replace(/_/g, '/');
const jsonPayload = decodeURIComponent(
window.atob(base64)
.split('')
.map(c => `%${(`00${c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)}`).slice(-2)}`)
.join('')
);
return JSON.parse(jsonPayload);
} Call parseJwt(token) to get the contents of the payload part. But be aware that this is just decoding and does not verify the signature, so it cannot be used to determine whether the token is legal, but can only be used to display information.
What to do if token expires?
JWT usually takes an expiration time (exp field), and you can check whether it has expired before each request:
function isTokenExpired(token) {
const payload = parseJwt(token);
return payload.exp < Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
}If you find that the token has expired, you can:
- Clear locally stored tokens
- Jump to the login page to log in again
- If there is a refresh token mechanism, you can also try refreshing the token
In addition, listening to 401 errors in response interceptors is also a common practice and can be handled uniformly according to the situation.
Basically that's it. JWT is not difficult to use in Vue. The key is to save it, bring it, clean it up or refresh it in time. Some details such as error handling and token automatic refresh can be expanded according to project requirements, but the basic logic is general.
The above is the detailed content of How to use JWT tokens in Vue?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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