How to group heading elements with hgroup in HTML
Aug 03, 2025 am 03:34 AM); 4. Or use styled paragraphs (
<p>) as subtitles to maintain semantic clarity; 5. For complex scenarios, you can use <header> combined with ARIA and other semantic methods. Therefore, avoid using <hgroup> and use simpler, accessible and widely supported solutions. <p>
<hgroup></hgroup>
element in HTML was designed to group heading elements together—like a main heading and a subheading—so they're treated as a single unit in the document outline. However, its use has changed over time due to updates in the HTML specification.

What <hgroup></hgroup>
was meant for
<p> Originally, <hgroup></hgroup>
was introduced in HTML5 to wrap a heading (like <h1></h1>
) along with its subheadings (like <h2></h2>
, <h3></h3>
, etc.) without creating multiple sections in the document outline. For example:<hgroup> <h1>Main Title</h1> <h2>Subtitle or Tagline</h2> </hgroup><p> In this case, the idea was that only the
<h1>
would appear in the document's outline, and the <h2>
would be considered part of that same heading block, not a separate section. 
Why <hgroup>
is no longer recommended
<p> As of recent updates to the HTML specification (around 2013), the <hgroup>
element was removed from the official standard because it didn't solve the problem as effectively as intended. Tools like screen readers and search engines already handled subheadings well without it, and the element added confusion rather than clarity. 
<hgroup>
, and most modern accessibility tools ignore it.Better alternatives today
<p> Instead of using<hgroup>
, here are recommended approaches:- <p> Use headings with proper hierarchy
Just use<h1>
and<h2>
normally. If a subtitle is part of the same section, it's OK for it to appear in the outline.<h1>Main Title</h1> <h2>Subtitle or Supporting Line</h2>
- <p> Use a paragraph with styling
Make the main title an<h1>
, and use a styled<p>
for the subtitle:<h1>Main Title</h1> <p class="subtitle">A descriptive subtitle goes here</p>
<p> This keeps the document outline clean and give full control over styling and semantics. - <p> Use ARIA or other semantic elements if needed
For complex titles (eg, in article headers), wrap them in a<header>
and use appropriate roles if necessary:<header> <h1>Main Title</h1> <p>Published on January 1st, 2025</p> </header>
Bottom line
<p> Don't use<hgroup></hgroup>
. It's obsolete and not supported in current HTML standards. Instead, rely on proper heading levels or use paragraphs with CSS to style subtitles. This approach is more accessible, future-proof, and widely supported. <p> Basically, keep it simple: use headings where needed, and non-heading elements for supplementary text.The above is the detailed content of How to group heading elements with hgroup in HTML. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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?Youcannotnesttagsinsideanothertagbecauseit’sinvalidHTML;browsersautomaticallyclosethefirstbeforeopeningthenext,resultinginseparateparagraphs.?Instead,useinlineelementslike,,orforstylingwithinaparagraph,orblockcontainerslikeortogroupmultipleparagraph
