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); 4. Or use styled paragraphs (
What
was meant for
Why
is no longer recommended
Better alternatives today
Bottom line
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial How to group heading elements with hgroup in HTML

How to group heading elements with hgroup in HTML

Aug 03, 2025 am 03:34 AM
html hgroup

<p>The <hgroup> element is not recommended as it has been removed from modern HTML standards. 1. Originally, <hgroup> was used to combine the main title and subtitle into a logical unit to avoid subtitles appearing in the document outline; 2. However, because screen readers and search engines can handle ordinary subtitles well and <hgroup> brings semantic confusion, WHATWG abandons it; 3. It is recommended to directly use standard title levels (such as <h1> and

); 4. Or use styled paragraphs (

<p>) as subtitles to maintain semantic clarity; 5. For complex scenarios, you can use <header> combined with ARIA and other semantic methods. Therefore, avoid using <hgroup> and use simpler, accessible and widely supported solutions.

<p>How to group heading elements with hgroup in HTML

<p> The <hgroup></hgroup> element in HTML was designed to group heading elements together—like a main heading and a subheading—so they're treated as a single unit in the document outline. However, its use has changed over time due to updates in the HTML specification.

How to group heading elements with hgroup in HTML

What <hgroup></hgroup> was meant for

<p> Originally, <hgroup></hgroup> was introduced in HTML5 to wrap a heading (like <h1></h1> ) along with its subheadings (like <h2></h2> , <h3></h3> , etc.) without creating multiple sections in the document outline. For example:

 <hgroup>
  <h1>Main Title</h1>
  <h2>Subtitle or Tagline</h2>
</hgroup>
<p> In this case, the idea was that only the <h1> would appear in the document's outline, and the <h2> would be considered part of that same heading block, not a separate section.

How to group heading elements with hgroup in HTML<p> This helped avoid cluttering the document structure when you wanted visual hierarchy (like a subtitle) without affecting the logical outline.

<p> As of recent updates to the HTML specification (around 2013), the <hgroup> element was removed from the official standard because it didn't solve the problem as effectively as intended. Tools like screen readers and search engines already handled subheadings well without it, and the element added confusion rather than clarity.

How to group heading elements with hgroup in HTML<p> Now, the WHATWG (the group maintaining the living HTML standard) no longer supports <hgroup> , and most modern accessibility tools ignore it.

Better alternatives today

<p> Instead of using <hgroup> , here are recommended approaches:

  • <p> Use headings with proper hierarchy
    Just use <h1> and <h2> normally. If a subtitle is part of the same section, it's OK for it to appear in the outline.

     <h1>Main Title</h1>
    <h2>Subtitle or Supporting Line</h2>
  • <p> Use a paragraph with styling
    Make the main title an <h1> , and use a styled <p> for the subtitle:

     <h1>Main Title</h1>
    <p class="subtitle">A descriptive subtitle goes here</p>
    <p> This keeps the document outline clean and give full control over styling and semantics.

  • <p> Use ARIA or other semantic elements if needed
    For complex titles (eg, in article headers), wrap them in a <header> and use appropriate roles if necessary:

     <header>
      <h1>Main Title</h1>
      <p>Published on January 1st, 2025</p>
    </header>

    Bottom line

    <p> Don't use <hgroup></hgroup> . It's obsolete and not supported in current HTML standards. Instead, rely on proper heading levels or use paragraphs with CSS to style subtitles. This approach is more accessible, future-proof, and widely supported.

    <p> Basically, keep it simple: use headings where needed, and non-heading elements for supplementary text.

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