:target pseudo-class implements specific style applications by matching the ID elements corresponding to the URL fragment identifier. When the user clicks on a link to the anchor, a fragment identifier similar to #section1 will appear in the URL. At this time, the element corresponding to the ID in the page will be applied to the:target style, such as highlighting. Common uses include: 1. Highlight the area after navigation; 2. Create a tabbed interface without JavaScript; 3. Add entry animation; 4. Improve accessibility. It can combine transitions, borders and other enhancements, but it should be noted that only IDs are supported and some old browsers may not be compatible with complex effects.
When you click a link that points to an anchor (like #section1 ), the :target pseudo-class in CSS kicks in and apply styles specifically to the element with that ID. It's a neighbor way to highlight or animate the section of the page you've just jumped to.
How :target Works
The :target pseudo-class matches the element whose ID matches the fragment identifier in the URL. For example, if your URL ends with #section2 , then the element <div id="section2"> becomes the target, and any <code>:target styles will apply to it — and only to it.
This happens after the browser scrolls to that part of the page. So you can use it to visually indicate where the user landed.
Here's a simple example:
section:target {
background-color: yellow;
}With this rule, whenever someone navigates to a section via a fragment link, that section gets highlighted in yellow — temporarily.
Common Use Cases for :target
There are several practical ways to use :target :
- Highlighting a section after navigation, as shown above.
- Creating tab-like interfaces without JavaScript. You can hide and show content based on which anchor is active.
- Adding subtle animations when a section comes into view.
- Improving accessibility , by making sure users know exactly where they've landed.
It's especially useful when building single-page websites or documentation sites where internal links are common.
Styling Tips with :target
You can do more than just change background colors. Here are a few ideas:
? Add a temporary border or box shadow:
:target { border-left: 4px solid #ffcc00; }? Use transitions for smoother effects:
:target { transform: scale(1.05); transition: all 0.3s ease; }? Combine with
:not()to avoid affecting other elements unintentionally:nav :target { font-weight: bold; }Keep in mind that the style only lasts until the user navigates away or reloads the page.
One thing to watch out for:
:targetdoesn't work with classes — it only matches IDs. Also, some older browsers might not support advanced effects like transitions on:target.Basically that's it. It's a handy selector that adds interactivity without needing JavaScript, but best used sparingly and with fallbacks in mind.
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