python django rest framework serializer example
Aug 01, 2025 am 07:02 AM
First, define the model, including title, content, author and time fields; 2. Create a serializer to inherit ModelSerializer, automatically map fields and add author_name and field verification; 3. Use APIView or ModelViewSet to process requests and set the author in perform_create; 4. Configure the route registration view; 5. Add IsAuthenticated permissions to ensure security; finally implement the serialization, deserialization and security control functions of the blog post.
In Django REST Framework (DRF), Serializer is used to convert complex data types (such as QuerySet or model instances) to Python native data types, which are easy to render into JSON, XML and other formats, and also supports deserialization of requested data into model instances. Here is a complete example of Django REST Framework Serializer , including model definition, serializer writing, and view usage.
? 1. Model definition (models.py)
Suppose we have a simple blog system that contains the Post model:
# models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class Post(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
content = models.TextField()
author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.title? 2. Serializers (serializers.py)
Create a serializer to handle serialization and deserialization of Post models:
# serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Post
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class PostSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# Optional: add extra fields, such as author_name = serializers.CharField(source='author.username', read_only=True)
class Meta:
model = Post
fields = ['id', 'title', 'content', 'author', 'author_name', 'created_at', 'updated_at']
read_only_fields = ['created_at', 'updated_at'] # Specify read-only fields# Optional: add validate logic def validate_title(self, value):
if len(value) < 3:
raise serializers.ValidationError("Title requires at least 3 characters")
Return value? Use
ModelSerializerto automatically generate fields according to the model, reducing duplicate code.
? 3. Views (views.py)
Use APIView or ModelViewSet to handle requests:
Method 1: Use APIView (more flexible)
# views.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
from .models import Post
from .serializers import PostSerializer
class PostListCreateView(APIView):
def get(self, request):
posts = Post.objects.all()
serializer = PostSerializer(posts, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data)
def post(self, request):
serializer = PostSerializer(data=request.data)
If serializer.is_valid():
# Set the current user to the author serializer.save(author=request.user)
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)Method 2: Use ModelViewSet (more concise)
# views.py
from rest_framework import viewsets
from .models import Post
from .serializers import PostSerializer
class PostViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Post.objects.all()
serializer_class = PostSerializer
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save(author=self.request.user) Then register the route in urls.py :
# urls.py (in app)
from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from .views import PostViewSet
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'posts', PostViewSet)
urlpatterns = [
path('api/', include(router.urls)),
]? 4. Authentication and permissions (optional but recommended)
To ensure that only logged-in users can create articles, add permission control:
# Add from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated in PostViewSet or APIView
class PostViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Post.objects.all()
serializer_class = PostSerializer
permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save(author=self.request.user)? 5. Test API example
Send a POST request to create an article (in JSON format):
{
"title": "My first post",
"content": "This is the content of a blog written using DRF.",
"author": 1
}Return the result example:
{
"id": 1,
"title": "My first post",
"content": "This is the content of a blog written using DRF.",
"author": 1,
"author_name": "admin",
"created_at": "2025-04-05T10:00:00Z",
"updated_at": "2025-04-05T10:00:00Z"
}? Summary: Key points
-
ModelSerializerautomatically generates fields, saving time. - Use
sourceto customize the field source. -
read_only_fieldsprevents clients from modifying certain fields. -
validate_<field></field>implements field-level verification. -
perform_createsets the default value (such as the current user). - Plus
IsAuthenticatedimproves security.
Basically that's it. This example covers the most common usage of DRF Serializer, which is suitable for beginners to get started quickly. You can expand comments, categories, paging and other functions on this basis.
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