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Table of Contents
2. Check CPU Information
3. View Memory (RAM) Details
4. Disk and Storage Information
5. Network Hardware
6. Graphics (GPU) Information
7. USB Devices
8. BIOS and Motherboard Info
Summary of Key Commands
Home System Tutorial LINUX How to Check Hardware Information on a Linux System

How to Check Hardware Information on a Linux System

Aug 01, 2025 am 06:25 AM
linux hardware information

To check hardware on Linux, use built-in command-line tools: 1. Run sudo lshw for comprehensive hardware details or sudo lshw -short for a summary; 2. Use lscpu to view CPU architecture, cores, and frequency; 3. Check RAM with free -h for a quick overview or sudo lshw -class memory for detailed DIMM information; 4. List storage devices via lsblk and inspect disk details with sudo lshw -class disk or sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda for health; 5. Identify network interfaces using ip link show and get driver info with ethtool ; 6. Find GPU details with lspci | grep -i vga or lshw -class display, and use nvidia-smi if NVIDIA drivers are present; 7. List USB devices with lsusb; 8. Retrieve BIOS and motherboard data using sudo dmidecode -t bios and sudo dmidecode -t system, respectively, with all commands providing accurate, in-depth hardware insights directly from the terminal.

How to Check Hardware Information on a Linux System

Knowing your system’s hardware is essential for troubleshooting, upgrading, or optimizing performance on Linux. Unlike Windows or macOS, Linux offers powerful command-line tools to get detailed hardware information without needing third-party software. Here are the most effective ways to check hardware details on a Linux system.

How to Check Hardware Information on a Linux System

1. Using lshw (List Hardware)

lshw is one of the most comprehensive tools for displaying detailed hardware information.

  • Install it (if not already present):

    How to Check Hardware Information on a Linux System
    sudo apt install lshw        # Debian/Ubuntu
    sudo dnf install lshw        # Fedora
    sudo pacman -S lshw          # Arch Linux
  • Run it:

    sudo lshw

    This outputs a full tree of hardware: CPU, memory, disks, network, graphics, etc.

    How to Check Hardware Information on a Linux System
  • For a shorter summary:

    sudo lshw -short
  • Export to HTML (useful for reports):

    sudo lshw -html > hardware.html

? Tip: Look for the "description", "product", and "size" fields to quickly identify components.


2. Check CPU Information

To get details about your processor:

lscpu

This shows:

  • Architecture (x86_64, ARM, etc.)
  • CPU model
  • Number of cores and threads
  • CPU frequency
  • Cache sizes

Alternatively, view raw CPU info:

cat /proc/cpuinfo

3. View Memory (RAM) Details

To check installed RAM:

free -h

Shows total, used, and available memory in human-readable format (GB/MB).

For more detail:

sudo lshw -class memory

This includes:

  • System RAM size
  • BIOS information
  • Individual DIMM slots (if supported)

You can also check:

dmidecode -t memory

?? Requires root. Very detailed, including speed, type (DDR4/DDR5), and part numbers.


4. Disk and Storage Information

To list block devices (disks and partitions):

lsblk

Shows drives, partitions, mount points, and sizes.

For more technical details:

sudo lshw -class disk -class storage

Check disk model and health (especially for SATA drives):

sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep "Model"

Or use smartctl (from smartmontools) for SSD/HDD health:

sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda

5. Network Hardware

List network interfaces and drivers:

ip link show

Or:

lshw -class network

This shows:

  • Interface name (e.g., enp3s0, wlan0)
  • MAC address
  • Driver in use
  • Whether it's up or down

Also useful:

ethtool <interface_name>   # e.g., ethtool enp3s0

Shows link speed, duplex mode, and driver info.


6. Graphics (GPU) Information

To check your graphics card:

lspci | grep -i vga

For more detail:

lshw -class display

If you have NVIDIA:

nvidia-smi

(Only if drivers are installed — shows GPU usage, temp, memory, etc.)

For open-source drivers or AMD:

glxinfo | grep "OpenGL renderer"

Install mesa-utils if needed.


7. USB Devices

List all connected USB devices:

lsusb

For detailed view:

lsusb -v

8. BIOS and Motherboard Info

Use dmidecode to get low-level system info:

sudo dmidecode -t system    # System info (manufacturer, serial, etc.)
sudo dmidecode -t bios      # BIOS version and release date
sudo dmidecode -t baseboard # Motherboard details

? These commands require sudo because they read from system firmware tables.


Summary of Key Commands

Hardware Command
Full system sudo lshw
CPU lscpu or cat /proc/cpuinfo
RAM free -h, sudo lshw -class memory
Disks lsblk, sudo lshw -class disk
Network ip link, lshw -class network
GPU lspci \| grep -i vga, lshw -class display
USB lsusb
BIOS/Mobo sudo dmidecode -t bios, sudo dmidecode -t system

Most of these tools come preinstalled on major distributions, or are easy to add. You don’t need a GUI — just a terminal. Whether you’re debugging, building a driver, or planning an upgrade, these commands give you full visibility into your Linux system’s hardware.

Basically, once you know a few key tools like lshw, lscpu, and dmidecode, checking hardware becomes quick and reliable.

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