Use the wrapping container and embedded aspect ratio technology to realize the responsive layout of videos in HTML. 1. For iframe embeddings such as YouTube and Vimeo, you need to create a relatively positioned wrapping div, set width: 100%, height: 0 and padding-bottom: 56.25% (16:9 ratio), and absolutely position the iframe to fill the container; 2. For self-hosted <video> elements, just set the wrapping container to width: 100% and apply overflow: hidden, and the video itself set width: 100%, height: auto and display: block to maintain the proportion and eliminate gaps; 3. In modern browsers, you can use the simpler aspect-ratio attribute to directly define the aspect ratio, but pay attention to the compatibility of the old browser; 4. The padding-bottom method is best compatible, suitable for all mainstream platforms and reusable. This scheme ensures that videos are always scaled on different devices.
Embedding a responsive video in HTML—especially from platforms like YouTube, Vimeo, or using a self-hosted <video></video>
element—requires making sure the video scales properly across devices. Here's how to do it reliable.

Use a wrapper with intrinsic aspect ratio
The key to a responsive video embedded is maintaining its aspect ratio (like 16:9) while allowing it to scale with the container. This is best achieved using a padding-based technique on a wrapper element.
For YouTube, Vimeo, or other iframe embeds
<div class="video-wrapper"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dQw4w9WgXcQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div>
.video-wrapper { position: relative; width: 100%; height: 0; padding-bottom: 56.25%; /* 16:9 aspect ratio (9 / 16 = 0.5625) */ } .video-wrapper iframe { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
- The
padding-bottom
creates intrinsic height based on the width. - The
iframe
is absolutely positioned to fill the wrapper. - This works with any iframe video (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.) as long as you use
allowfullscreen
.
Pro tip: You can adjust
padding-bottom
for different aspect ratios:
- 16:9 → 56.25%
- 4:3 → 75%
- 21:9 → ~42.86%
For self-hosted HTML5 <video>
elements
If you're using your own video file, wrap it in a similar container:
<div class="video-wrapper"> <video controls> <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> </div>
.video-wrapper { width: 100%; overflow: hidden; } video { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
- Setting
width: 100%
andheight: auto
preserves aspect ratio. -
display: block
removes unwanted spacing under the video. - No need for padding trick here—this method is simpler and works well.
Optional: Use CSS aspect-ratio (modern browsers)
If you're targeting modern browsers, you can simplify using the aspect-ratio
property:

.video-wrapper { width: 100%; } .video-wrapper iframe, .video-wrapper video { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; height: auto; }
This is cleaner and more intuitive, but not supported in older browsers (like IE or older versions of Safari).
Summary
- Use a wrapper with
padding-bottom
for full compatibility (especially with iframes). - Position the iframe absolutely to fill the space.
- For self-hosted videos,
width: 100%; height: auto;
is often enough. - Consider
aspect-ratio
for modern sites with less legacy support needed.
Basically, the padding-bottom trick is the most reliable cross-browser method. Once you set it up once, you can reuse it anywhere.
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