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Table of Contents
使用 Unicode 編碼,避免亂碼
日期、時間、貨幣、數(shù)字的格式化
多語言資源的管理與切換
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial HTML Internationalization and Localization

HTML Internationalization and Localization

Jul 31, 2025 pm 12:08 PM

國際化和本地化需設(shè)置語言屬性、使用UTF-8編碼、動態(tài)格式化內(nèi)容、管理多語言資源。1. 設(shè)置 lang 和 xml:lang 屬性以標(biāo)識頁面語言;2. 使用 UTF-8 編碼避免亂碼并確保服務(wù)器配置正確;3. 用 Intl 對象或框架插件處理日期、貨幣等地區(qū)相關(guān)格式;4. 通過 JSON 文件等方式存儲多語言內(nèi)容,根據(jù)用戶偏好加載并提供切換功能。

HTML Internationalization and Localization

做網(wǎng)頁的時候,很多時候我們不只是給本地用戶看,而是要面向全球。這時候,HTML 國際化(i18n)和本地化(l10n)就成了關(guān)鍵點。說白了,就是讓網(wǎng)頁能適應(yīng)不同語言、文化和地區(qū)習(xí)慣,同時保證內(nèi)容展示正確、功能正常。

HTML Internationalization and Localization

下面是一些關(guān)鍵點,幫你理解 HTML 國際化和本地化怎么做。


設(shè)置語言屬性:langxml:lang

這是最基礎(chǔ)也是最容易被忽略的一步。在 HTML 頁面的根元素 <html> 上加上 lang 屬性,比如:

HTML Internationalization and Localization
<html lang="zh-CN">

或者英文頁面:

<html lang="en-US">

這個屬性有兩個作用:

HTML Internationalization and Localization
  • 幫助瀏覽器正確發(fā)音(比如屏幕閱讀器)
  • 有助于搜索引擎識別頁面語言

如果你的頁面是 XHTML 格式,還要加上 xml:lang,像這樣:

<html lang="zh-CN" xml:lang="zh-CN">

使用 Unicode 編碼,避免亂碼

網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容要統(tǒng)一使用 UTF-8 編碼,這是支持多語言的基礎(chǔ)。在 HTML 中,記得在 <head> 里加上:

<meta charset="UTF-8">

這樣瀏覽器就知道該怎么處理中文、日文、阿拉伯語等不同字符了。

常見問題:

  • 沒設(shè)置 UTF-8,中文變成問號或亂碼
  • 后端返回的 HTTP 頭里設(shè)置了錯誤的字符集,覆蓋了 HTML 的 meta 設(shè)置

所以不僅要寫 meta,還要確保服務(wù)器配置正確。


日期、時間、貨幣、數(shù)字的格式化

這些內(nèi)容不能硬編碼,要根據(jù)用戶所在地區(qū)動態(tài)調(diào)整。比如:

  • 美國用月/日/年格式,而中國用年-月-日
  • 貨幣符號不同($ vs ¥)
  • 小數(shù)點和千分位的符號也不同(. vs ,)

在 JavaScript 中,可以使用 Intl 對象來處理這些格式化問題。例如:

const number = 123456.789;
console.log(new Intl.NumberFormat('de-DE').format(number)); // 輸出 123.456,789

前端框架(如 React、Vue)通常也有國際化插件(如 react-intlvue-i18n),可以幫你統(tǒng)一管理這些格式。


多語言資源的管理與切換

如果你要做多語言網(wǎng)站,需要考慮:

  • 不同語言的內(nèi)容怎么存儲(JSON 文件、數(shù)據(jù)庫?)
  • 如何根據(jù)用戶瀏覽器語言或手動選擇切換語言
  • URL 怎么設(shè)計,比如 /en/about/zh/about

推薦做法:

  • 使用語言代碼命名資源文件,如 en.jsonzh-CN.json
  • 頁面加載時根據(jù) navigator.language 自動判斷語言
  • 提供語言切換按鈕,并把選擇保存在 Cookie 或 localStorage 里

例如:

const lang = localStorage.getItem('preferred-lang') || navigator.language;
loadTranslations(lang);

基本上就這些。HTML 國際化和本地化看起來簡單,但要真正做到細節(jié)到位,比如日期格式、語言切換、內(nèi)容管理,都需要系統(tǒng)性考慮。別小看這些設(shè)置,做不好,用戶可能連你的網(wǎng)站都看不懂。

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