ARIA Landmark Roles are semantic roles used to identify specific functional areas in web pages to improve navigation efficiency for screen reader users. 1. role="banner" is used for website logos and main navigation; 2. role="navigation" identifies the collection of links such as menus; 3. role="main" represents the main content area; 4. role="complementary" indicates auxiliary content such as sidebar; 5. role="contentinfo" is used for copyright and other bottom information. When using it, you should give priority to using HTML5 semantic tags to avoid duplicates or incorrect roles, and pay attention to spelling and compatibility issues to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the accessibility experience.
In web accessibility design, role
attribute of HTML is a very practical tool, especially when using the ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) landmark role. It can help screen reader users navigate page content faster and improve overall accessibility experience.

What is ARIA Landmark Roles?
ARIA Landmark Roles is a set of predefined roles that identify areas of a page that have specific functions or structures. These characters do not change the appearance of the element, but provide semantic information for assistive technology. For example:
-
role="navigation"
means navigation bar -
role="main"
identifies the main content area -
role="search"
indicates the search area
They act like HTML5 semantic tags (such as <nav></nav>
, <main></main>
), but they can also work in environments that do not support HTML5.

Common ARIA Landmark Role and its uses
Here are some of the most commonly used landmark roles and their typical application scenarios:
-
banner
: usually used for website logos and main navigation at the top of the page -
navigation
: used for linking collections, such as menus or paging -
main
: The main content area of the page -
complementary
: auxiliary content, such as sidebar -
contentinfo
: information at the bottom of the page, such as copyright information
Using these roles reasonably allows screen reader users to quickly jump to the parts they care about instead of reading the full page line by line.

How to use role
attribute correctly?
Using role
is simple, you just need to add attributes to HTML elements:
<div role="navigation"> <ul> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/about">About Us</a></li> </ul> </div>
But a few things to note:
- Try to give priority to using HTML5 semantic tags, because they come with their corresponding ARIA role.
- It is best to appear only once on the page to avoid confusion.
- Don’t add roles to containers without actual semantic meaning, as it can easily mislead assistive technology users.
- If you are not sure which role to use, you can refer to the official W3C or ARIA documentation.
Small details that users may ignore
While setting up roles may seem simple, there are several places that are often overlooked:
- Reusing the same role : for example, multiple
main
areas will make the screen reader not know which one is the real main content. - role is misspelled : for example, write it as
roal="search"
, which will cause it to be completely ineffective. - Improper use with HTML5 tags : for example,
is redundant, because nav has navigation role by default.
Especially last point, in modern development, we recommend using HTML5 semantic tags directly, unless you need to be compatible with old browsers or in certain special circumstances, you need to manually add roles.
Basically that's it. The rational use of ARIA landmarks can significantly improve the accessibility of the website, and it is not complicated to implement, but it is indeed easy to ignore some key points.
The above is the detailed content of HTML `role` Attribute for ARIA Landmarks. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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