To create sticky footers, you should use modern CSS methods. 1. When using Flexbox, set the container to display: flex and set flex-direction: column and min-height: 100vh, and set the main element to flex: 1 to spread the remaining space; 2. Or use CSS Grid, set the container to display: grid, define grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto, so that the main content area occupies the available space, and the footer is naturally located at the bottom; avoid using old technologies such as absolute positioning or negative margins, ensure that the default style is reset and the layout gap is eliminated, and finally achieve the effect of the footer sticking to the bottom when the content is short and the content is long.
A sticky footer is a footer that stays at the bottom of the viewport when the content is short, but moves down naturally when the content is long. It doesn't stick like position: fixed
, but rather sticks to the bottom of the page layout. Here's how to create one using modern CSS.

? Use Flexbox (Recommended)
This is the most reliable and widely supported method today.
HTML structure:

<div class="page"> <header>Header Content</header> <main>Main Content</main> <footer>Footer Content</footer> </div>
CSS:
html, body { height: 100%; margin: 0; } .page { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 100vh; /* Full viewport height */ } main { flex: 1; /* This pushes the footer down */ } footer { /* Footer styles */ background: #333; color: white; padding: 20px; text-align: center; }
How it works:

-
min-height: 100vh
ensures the container takes at least the full height of the screen. -
flex: 1
on themain
element makes it grow and fill any available space. - When content is short, the footer stays at the bottom of the viewport.
- When content is long, the footer naturally scrolls with the page.
? Alternative: CSS Grid
Another modern approach using CSS Grid:
.page { display: grid; grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto; min-height: 100vh; } header { grid-row: 1; } main { grid-row: 2; } footer { grid-row: 3; }
Here:
-
1fr
for the main area means it takes up all available space. - The footer is locked to the last row.
? Avoid Old Methods (Negative Margins, etc.)
Old techniques using position: absolute
, negative margins, or extra wrappers are fragile and harder to maintain. Stick with Flexbox or Grid.
Quick checklist:
- Set
min-height: 100vh
on the container - Use
display: flex
orgrid
- Make the main content area expand (
flex: 1
or1fr
) - Ensure no gaps from margins or missing resets
That's it — clean, responsive, and works across devices. Basically just a few lines of modern CSS.
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