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Table of Contents
2. Controls tab order
3. Improves accessibility
Key points to remember:
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial What is the tabindex attribute for?

What is the tabindex attribute for?

Jul 29, 2025 am 03:51 AM

The tabindex attribute makes elements focusable and controls their tab order: 1. tabindex="0" adds the element to the natural tab order, making it accessible via keyboard; 2. tabindex="-1" allows programmatic focus but removes it from tab flow, useful for dynamic focus like modals; 3. tabindex values greater than 0 force a custom order and should be avoided to prevent accessibility issues; always use tabindex="0" for custom interactive elements and test keyboard navigation to ensure accessibility.

What is the tabindex attribute for?

The tabindex attribute in HTML controls the focusability and tab order of elements on a webpage when users navigate using the Tab key (typically for keyboard accessibility).

What is the tabindex attribute for?

Here’s what it does in practice:

1. Makes elements focusable

By default, only certain elements (like links <a></a>, buttons <button></button>, form inputs) can receive keyboard focus. But with tabindex, you can make any element focusable — such as a <div>, <code><span></span>, or <p></p>.What is the tabindex attribute for?

<div tabindex="0">This can now be focused with the Tab key</div>

2. Controls tab order

The value of tabindex determines how and when an element gets focus as the user tabs through the page:

  • tabindex="0":
    Element is focusable and follows the natural document order when tabbing.
    ? Recommended for custom interactive elements (e.g., custom buttons, tabs).

    What is the tabindex attribute for?
  • tabindex="-1":
    Element cannot be reached via tabbing, but can be focused programmatically (e.g., using JavaScript .focus()).
    Useful for elements that need focus only under certain conditions (like modal dialogs).

  • tabindex="1" or higher:
    Forces a custom tab order (e.g., tabindex="1", "2", etc.).
    ?? Avoid this — it can confuse users and break accessibility if misused.

3. Improves accessibility

When building custom widgets (like dropdowns, sliders, or tabs), using tabindex correctly ensures keyboard users can access and interact with them — a key part of accessible web design.

For example:

<div role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="doSomething()">
  Custom Button
</div>

Now keyboard users can tab to it and activate it with Enter/Space.

Key points to remember:

  • Use tabindex="0" to include elements in natural tab flow.
  • Use tabindex="-1" to enable programmatic focus without disrupting tab order.
  • Avoid tabindex > 0 — it creates confusing navigation.
  • Always test with a keyboard to ensure logical focus order.

Basically, tabindex helps make web content usable for keyboard and screen reader users by managing focus. Used wisely, it supports accessibility; used poorly, it harms it.

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