To properly mark up an abbreviation in HTML, use the <abbr> element with a title attribute to provide the full expansion, 1. Wrap the abbreviated text in <abbr> tags, 2. Add the title attribute containing the full form, such as <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>, 3. Ensure the title is accurate and avoids unnecessary punctuation, 4. Optionally style with CSS for visual cues like dotted underlines, which improves accessibility for screen reader users and provides tooltips for sighted users, ultimately enhancing both usability and SEO.
To properly mark up an abbreviation using the <abbr></abbr>
element in HTML, you should include the title
attribute to provide the full expansion or explanation of the abbreviation. This improves accessibility and helps users (especially those using screen readers) understand the meaning of the abbreviated text.

Use the <abbr></abbr>
tag with a title
attribute
Wrap the abbreviation in <abbr></abbr>
and use the title
attribute to specify its full form:
<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>
When a user hovers over the text (in most browsers), the full form appears as a tooltip. Screen readers will also announce it appropriately.

When to use it
You should use <abbr>
for:
- Acronyms (like NASA, HTML, HTTP)
- Initialisms
- Abbreviations (like Inc., Ltd., etc., vs.)
- Any shortened form of a word or phrase
Examples:

<p>The <abbr title="World Health Organization">WHO</abbr> announced new guidelines.</p> <p>She works for a company named Smith & Co. <abbr title="Company">Co.</abbr></p> <p>Use <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</abbr> to style your page.</p>
Accessibility and SEO benefits
- Screen readers can pronounce or explain abbreviations when the
title
is present. - Search engines may use the expanded form for better context.
- Users get instant clarification via tooltips.
Note: Don’t add a period inside the
title
unless it’s part of the official name (e.g., "Inc." vs "Incorporated").
Optional: Styling with CSS
You can style abbreviations to make them more noticeable:
abbr { text-decoration: dotted underline; cursor: help; }
This gives abbreviations a dotted underline (a common visual cue) and changes the cursor to a help icon on hover.
Basically, just remember:
- Always use
<abbr></abbr>
for abbreviations - Always include
title
with the full term - Keep the
title
clear and accurate
That’s it — simple, accessible, and semantic.
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