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Table of Contents
What are Model Observers?
How to create and use Model Observers?
Which scenarios are suitable for Model Observers?
What should you pay attention to when using it?
Home PHP Framework Laravel Explain Model Observers in Laravel.

Explain Model Observers in Laravel.

Jul 22, 2025 am 03:06 AM
laravel 模型觀察者

Laravel's Model Observers are classes used to listen for model lifecycle events and execute corresponding logic. It can centrally manage model events such as operations during creation, update, and deletion, keeping the code neat. For example, send a welcome email after the user is created. The steps to use include: 1. Use the Artisan command to generate the Observer class; 2. Bind Observer to the model in the service provider; 3. Define methods for handling events in Observer. Applicable scenarios include data cleaning, logging, notification triggering, cache management, etc. When using it, you should pay attention to avoid time-consuming operations, listen to events on demand, and ensure correct binding and testing.

Explain Model Observers in Laravel.

Laravel's Model Observers is a very practical feature that allows you to centrally manage various events (such as creation, update, delete, etc.) listening logic in the model life cycle. The advantage of this is to keep the code neat and handle the actions related to the model in a unified way, rather than scattering around the controller or elsewhere.

Explain Model Observers in Laravel.

What are Model Observers?

Simply put, Model Observers is a class used to listen for model events. When a model has a specific operation (such as created , updated , deleted ), you can trigger the corresponding callback method to execute some additional logic.

For example: When you create a user, you may want to automatically send a welcome email. In this case, you can listen for created events in Observer and then call the email sending logic.

Explain Model Observers in Laravel.

How to create and use Model Observers?

Using Observer is divided into several steps:

  • Generate Observer class

    Explain Model Observers in Laravel.

    An Observer can be generated through the Artisan command:

     php artisan make:observer/UserObserver
  • Bind Observer to model

    In AppServiceProvider or other service providers, use the observe method to bind Observer to the corresponding model:

     use App\Models\User;
    use App\Observers\UserObserver;
    
    public function boot()
    {
        User::observe(UserObserver::class);
    }
  • Define event handling methods in Observer

    For example, if you want to perform certain operations after the user is created, you can add the created method in Observer:

     public function created(User $user)
    {
        // Send a welcome email or initialize user settings}

Which scenarios are suitable for Model Observers?

  1. Clean or synchronize data
    For example, when a model is deleted, you also want to clean up the associated data, which can be written in the deleted method.

  2. Record logs or audit information
    Want to record who modified a piece of data when? Observer is a good choice.

  3. Trigger notification or asynchronous task
    You can do it here by sending emails after registering, pushing messages after order status changes, etc.

  4. Cache cleanup or refresh
    The data has changed, and the cache needs to be updated. At this time, the cache can be cleared in updated or deleted event.


What should you pay attention to when using it?

  • Don't put too heavy
    The methods in Observer are executed synchronously. If you do time-consuming operations (such as large file processing), it will affect performance. It is recommended to use queue asynchronous processing.

  • Not all events need to be monitored
    Laravel provides multiple event hooks, but does not require each implementation. Add it on demand for clearer.

  • Remember to test whether Observer is effective
    Sometimes forgetting to bind Observer or spelling incorrectly will cause the listening to fail to take effect. Pay attention to this when debugging.


Basically that's it. Model Observers does not seem complicated, but in actual projects, it can help you organize your business logic more clearly and easily maintain. As long as you don't abuse it, it's a very handy gadget.

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