Add useradd or adduser commands commonly used by users in Linux. 1. When using useradd, you need to manually set the password and home directory. Add the -m parameter to create the home directory; 2. You can specify the shell, group and UID through parameters such as -s, -G, and -u; 3. adduser is an interactive command, suitable for novices to automatically complete the configuration; 4. Pay attention to permissions, username uniqueness and home directory permissions; 5. Userdel can be used to delete users and home directory for misoperation. Mastering these key points allows you to manage users efficiently and securely.
Adding users in Linux systems is a common operation, especially in a multi-user environment. The most common way to add users is to use the useradd command, which works for most mainstream Linux distributions (such as Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, etc.). Below are some specific operations and precautions you may use.
Use useradd to add users
useradd is a basic but very practical command line tool. The most basic way to add users is as follows:
sudo useradd username
After executing this command, the system will create a new user, but the password will not be automatically set. You need to run it manually:
sudo passwd username
Then enter and confirm the password to complete the setting.
By default, useradd does not create a home directory for users, nor does it copy the default configuration file. If you want to create a home directory at the same time, you can add the -m parameter:
sudo useradd -m username
This ensures that the user has his /home/username directory, and usually also includes initial configuration files such as .bashrc and .profile .
Set user-attached properties
In actual use, we may need to specify more details for the user, such as login shell, main group, additional group, expiration time, etc. For example:
Specify login shell:
sudo useradd -s /bin/bash username
Add users to existing groups (such as
developers):sudo useradd -G developers username
Specify UID (user ID):
sudo useradd -u 1010 username
These parameters can be used in combination to meet the needs of different scenarios. For example, if you want to create a user with a home directory, specify a shell and join multiple groups, you can write it like this:
sudo useradd -m -s /bin/zsh -G wheel,developers username
Use the adduser command (more friendly)
Some distributions (such as Debian and Ubuntu) provide the adduser command, which is essentially an interactive script that is more friendly to newbies. When executing:
sudo adduser username
The system will guide you to set password, full name, room number and other information step by step, and automatically create a home directory. Although this method is a little slower, it is not prone to errors and is suitable for users who are not familiar with command parameters.
Notes and FAQs
Permissions issue : Adding users requires administrator permissions, so remember to add
sudo.Duplicate username : If you try to add an existing username, the system will report an error.
Home directory ownership issue : After creating a user, be sure to check whether the permissions of the home directory are correct.
Delete user : If the operation is wrong, you can use
userdelto delete the user. To delete the home directory, add the-rparameter:sudo userdel -r username
Basically that's it. Adding users seems simple, but if you don’t pay attention to parameters or permissions, it can easily lead to subsequent problems. Mastering a few key commands and options will allow you to respond flexibly to most situations.
The above is the detailed content of how to add a user in linux. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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