To solve the problem of content overflow in web pages, you can use the CSS attribute to control it. 1. Use the overflow attribute to control the display of overflow content, such as overflow: hidden, and overflow: auto adds scroll bars when needed; 2. Set max-width and max-height to prevent too large images or media elements from causing misalignment, and combine object-fit to maintain visual consistency; 3. Use min-width and min-height to avoid too small containers affecting readability and interactivity; 4. Use text-overflow: ellipsis to display ellipsis when the text is too long to keep the interface neat. These methods can effectively improve the stability and user experience of web page layout.
Sometimes, you're styling a webpage, and suddenly something doesn't look right. Text spills out of its container, an image stretches weirdly, or a layout breaks entirely. One common culprit? Content overflow —especially when it's unexpected.

The good news is that CSS gives us tools to handle this. You don't always need JavaScript or complex workarounds. Let's go over a few practical ways to manage unexpected content overflow using basic CSS properties.

Use overflow
to Control Clipping and Scrollbars
This is the most straightforward way to deal with overflow. The overflow
property lets you define what happens when content exceeds the size of its container.
-
overflow: visible
(default): Content flows outside the box. -
overflow: hidden
: Clips the content, hiding anything that goes beyond the container. -
overflow: scroll
: Always shows scrollbars, whether needed or not. -
overflow: auto
: Adds scrollbars only when necessary.
For example, if you have a card layout and want to make sure long text doesn't break the design:

.card { max-height: 200px; overflow: auto; }
This way, if the text inside the .card
gets too long, it won't push everything else down—it'll just get a scrollbar.
Set max-width
and max-height
to Prevent Stretching
Sometimes the problem isn't the text but an image or embedded media that's too big. Without limits, those elements can stretch containers and mess up your layout.
Adding max-width
and max-height
ensures that content respects boundaries:
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
This keeps images from spinling out of their parent containers while maintaining aspect ratio. For more rigid layouts, you might also set a max-height
depending on your design needs.
Also consider combining these with object-fit
for images:
img { max-width: 100%; max-height: 300px; object-fit: cover; }
That helps maintain visual consistency even when image sizes vary.
Avoid Layout Breakage with min-width
and min-height
While we often focus on preventing overflow, sometimes the issue is underflow—content gets squashed so much it becomes unreadable or unusable.
Setting min-width
or min-height
on key containers helps prevent things from collapse too far:
.modal-content { min-width: 300px; }
This is especially useful in responsible designs where shrinking too much on small screens can ruin readingability or interaction.
You can also use min-width
on table cells or grid items to avoid cramped layouts:
td { min-width: 120px; }
It's a subtle fix, but it makes a noticeable difference in usability.
Bonus Tip: Use text-overflow: ellipsis
for Truncated Text
If you're dealing with short UI elements like buttons or table cells and want to keep text from wrapping or overflowing, text-overflow: ellipsis
comes in handy.
Here's how to apply it:
.truncate { white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
This setup hides any text that doesn't fit and ends it with an ellipsis ( …
). It works best when you know the space is limited and you want to preserve readability without breaking layout.
Dealing with unexpected content overflow is part of the job when building real-world websites. These CSS properties aren't flashy, but they're reliable and easy to implement. Once you get into the habit of applying them proactively, layout surprises become a lot less frequent.
Basically that's it.
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