When the controller responsibilities in the Laravel project are confused, duplicate logic occurs, good testing and integration of external systems are required, Service Layer should be introduced. 1. When the controller is too bloated, the business logic should be withdrawn from the Service class and only request response processing should be retained; 2. When multiple controllers need to call the same logic, they should be encapsulated as reusable services; 3. In order to improve testability and decoupling capabilities, the Service should be used through dependency injection; 4. When third-party services or asynchronous tasks are involved, the Service should handle interaction and exception mechanisms uniformly.
In Laravel development, many people like to stuff them directly into the controller or model when they first write business logic. But as the project grows bigger and the logic becomes more complex, this approach will become increasingly difficult to maintain. At this time, the Service Layer comes in handy.
When should I consider introducing Service Layer?
Simply put: when you find that the controller starts to process complex business logic, the number of repetitive code increases, or multiple places need to call the same piece of logic, it is time to withdraw this part from the Service layer.
1. The controller is too bloated and the responsibilities are unclear
Laravel's controller should only be responsible for receiving requests and returning responses. But if the logic such as data processing, business judgment, third-party calls are mixed in, it will soon become difficult to read and maintain.
suggestion:
- Extract the complex logic from the controller and put it into a separate Service class
- The controller is only responsible for calling the Service and returning the results
- This is more in line with the principle of single responsibility and is also convenient for subsequent testing and reuse
for example:
// Not recommended practice public function store(Request $request) {
$user = Auth::user();
if ($user->balance >= $request->amount) {
$user->balance -= $request->amount;
$user->save();
Transaction::create([...]);
return redirect()->back();
}
}
// Recommended practice public function store(Request $request) {
(new ProcessPayment())->handle($request->amount);
return redirect()->back();
}2. Multiple controllers need to call the same logic
If you find that two or more controllers are doing similar things, such as creating orders, sending notifications, logging, etc., it means that these logics are already "reusable".
suggestion:
- Encapsulate these general operations into Service classes
- Called uniformly in different controllers to avoid duplicate code
- Only one place is needed to modify later to reduce the probability of error
For example:
- User Order → Create Order, Deduct Stock, Send Email
- Manual ordering in the administrator background → In the same process, you can write an
OrderServicefor two calls
3. Better testing and decoupling capabilities are required
Unit testing can become difficult if all logic is written in the controller or model because it is difficult for you to test a business logic individually without triggering the entire HTTP request flow.
Benefits of Service Layer:
- Can be tested independently of the controller
- Easier to simulate dependencies (mock)
- Promote dependency injection and improve maintainability
You can use this:
class OrderController extends Controller {
protected $orderService;
public function __construct(OrderService $orderService) {
$this->orderService = $orderService;
}
public function placeOrder(Request $request) {
$this->orderService->createOrder($request->all());
return response()->json(['success' => true]);
}
}4. Involving external system integration or asynchronous processing
When your application needs to connect to external systems such as payment gateways, SMS services, queue tasks, etc., it is very important to centrally manage these interactions.
The Service layer is suitable for handling these scenarios:
- Calling third-party API
- Retry mechanism for failed processing
- Execute tasks asynchronously (such as through queues)
For example:
class SendNotificationService {
public function sendEmail(string $email, string $content) {
// Call Mail facade to send mail}
public function sendSms(string $phone, string $message) {
// Call the SMS service SDK
}
}Basically these are the situations. After all, Service Layer is not something that must be found in the beginning, but a demand that naturally arises as business grows. Don't force the mode to "beautiful structure", but adding a layer of service when appropriate will make the code much clearer and it will not be easy to make mistakes.
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