Configuring environment variables in Vue projects requires specific rules, which mainly include the following steps: 1. Create a .env file in the project root directory; 2. Use the VUE_APP_ prefix to define variables, such as VUE_APP_API_URL; 3. Create corresponding .env.development, .env.production and other files according to different environments; 4. Access variables through process.env; 5. Note that sensitive information should not be placed in the .env file. For example, load .env.development during development and .env.production during construction to realize automatic switching of API addresses. After modification, the development server needs to be restarted to take effect.
It is not difficult to configure environment variables in Vue projects, but many developers tend to confuse rules at the beginning, especially if they don't understand different environments and variable naming methods. In fact, as long as you master a few key points, you can easily handle it.
Understand the environment variable mechanism in Vue
Vue CLI provides a set of environment variable management mechanisms based on .env
files. These files are used to store variables in different environments, such as development environment, test environment, and production environment. They are injected into the project by Webpack at build time.
It should be noted that only variables starting with VUE_APP_
will be injected into the client code , otherwise they will be ignored. For example:
-
.env
: Basic configuration, all environments are loaded -
.env.development
: Only used in development environments -
.env.production
: Only used in production environment
The advantage of this design is that different API addresses or switch functions can be used in different environments without modifying the code.
How to create and use environment variables
Create a .env
file in the root directory of the project (note that it is not the src directory), and then add the variables you need. For example:
VUE_APP_API_URL=https://api.example.com VUE_APP_DEBUG_MODE=true
Then you can access these variables through process.env
in your code:
console.log(process.env.VUE_APP_API_URL)
A common error is forgetting to prefix VUE_APP_
or trying to define sensitive information (such as API keys) outside .env.local
. In fact, these keys should not be placed in the client code, but should be processed by the backend.
Different environments use different configurations
You can create different .env
files for different modes:
-
.env.development
: Development environment -
.env.staging
: Pre-release environment -
.env.production
: Production environment
When you run npm run serve
, the Vue CLI will automatically load variables in .env.development
; while when you execute npm run build
.env.production
will be read.
To give a practical example:
If you wrote it in .env.development
:
VUE_APP_API_URL=https://dev-api.example.com
And in .env.production
, it is written:
VUE_APP_API_URL=https://api.example.com
Then the dev interface is requested during development, and it will automatically switch to the main domain name interface when the package is online.
Notes and tips
- Don't put sensitive information in : information like database passwords and private API keys should not be placed in
.env
files, because they will eventually be packaged into front-end code. - Variable names can only be strings : even if you write boolean values or numbers, they will be processed as strings.
- Restarting the development server takes effect : After modifying the
.env
file, you need to restartnpm run serve
to take effect. - You can customize the mode : In addition to the default development and production, you can also specify the mode through the command line, such as using
vue-cli-service build --mode staging
to use the.env.staging
configuration.
Basically that's it. The configuration is not complicated, but it is easy to ignore the prefix and file location issues.
The above is the detailed content of How to configure environment variables in Vue?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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